Networking and the Internet

Question 1

Network Classifications

Scope

Answer 1

-Personal area network PAN
-Local area network LAN
-Metropolitan are network MAN
-Wide area network WAN

Question 2

Topology

Answer 2

-Bus (ethernet)
-Star (wired/wireless, Networks with central active devices, HUB/Switch/Access Point

Question 3

Protocols

Answer 3

CSMA/CD
-Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detector
-Used in Ethernet
-Silent bus provides right to introduce new messages
CSMA/CA
-Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidence
-Used in Wi-Fi
-Hidden terminal problem

Question 4

Connecting Networks

Answer 4

Repeater : Extends a network
Bridge : Connects two compatible networks
Switch : Connects several compatible networks
Router : Connects two incompatible networks
Internet : Network of networks —> InterConnected Networks

Question 5

Inter-process Communication

Answer 5

Client-server
-One server, many clients
-Server must execute continuously
-Client initiates communication
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
-Two processes communicate as equals
-Peer processes can be short-lived

Question 6

Distributed Systems

Answer 6

-Cluster computing
-Grid computing
-Cloud computing
+Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud
+Google Drive

Question 7

The Internet

Answer 7

An internet that spans the world
-Amacı yerel hatalardan çökmeyecek bi ağ geliştirmek

Question 8

Internet Architecture

Answer 8

Internet Service Provider (ISP)
-Tier-1
-Tier-2
Access or Tier-3 ISP : Provides connectivity to the internet
-Hot spot(wireless)
-Telephone lines
-Cable/Satellite systems DSL
-Fiber optics

Question 9

Basic Components of an ISP

Answer 9

Firewall
Router
Web Server + E-mail Server + AAA Server + DNS Server
Modems

Question 10

Dotted Decimal Notation

Answer 10

192.168.1.1

Question 11

Boundaires of IPv4 Address Classes

Answer 11

0.0.0.0. to 255.255.255

Question 12

New Dimension IPv6

Answer 12

128 bit
IPv4 x 2^96 Size

Question 13

ICANN

Answer 13

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers (ICANN)
-ICANN allocates IP addresses to ISPs
-ISPs assign those addresses within their regions
-ICANN oversees the registration of domains and domain names

Question 14

Early Internet Applications

Answer 14

NNTP : Network News Transfer Protocol
FTP : File Transfer Protocol
SSH : Telnet and Secure Shell
HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocol
email : Electronic Mail
-via POP3 or IMAP

Question 15

Basic Terms for Mail Systems

Answer 15

SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
MIME : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
POP : Post Office Protocol
IMAP : Internet Mail Access Protocol

Question 16

More Recent Applications

Answer 16

-Voice Over IP (VoIP)
-Internet Multimedia Streaming
+N-unicast
+Multicast
+On-demand streaming
+Content delivery networks (CDNs)

Question 17

World Wide Web

Answer 17

-Hyprtext combines internet technology with concept of linked-documents ++Embeds hyperlinks to other documents
-Browsers present materials to the user
-Webservers provide access to documents
-Documents are identified by URLs and transferred using HTTP

Question 18

XML

Answer 18

Extensible Markup Language
-A language for constructing markup languages similar to HTML
-A descendant of SGML (Standart Generalized Markup Language)
-Opens door to a World Wide Semantic Web

Question 19

Client Side vs Server Side

Answer 19

Client-side activites
-Java Script
-MAcromedia Flash (Outdated)
Server-side activites
-Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
-Servlets
-JavaServer Pages JSP/ Active Server Pages ASP
-PHP

Question 20

Protocol for Internet : TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Answer 20

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
-Protocol developed for use on internet
-Researchers who developed TCP/IP also developed the internet architecture

Question 21

Internet Softwre Layers

Answer 21

Application : Constructs message with address
Transport : Chops message into packets
Network : Handles routing through the Internet
Link (Data Link) : Handles actual transmission of packets

Question 22

TCP/IP Protocol Suite Components

Answer 22

Transport Layer
-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) **relaible
-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) **efficient
Network (Internet) Layer
-Internet Protocol (IP)
+IPv4
+IPv6

Question 23

Common terms used for messages

Answer 23

Packet : Data at Internet Layer and above
Frame : Data at Network Interface Layer
Datagram : Data between routers
Port Number : Numbers assigned to each protocol

Question 24

Security

Answer 24

Attacks
-Malware (viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, phishing software)
-Denial of service (DoS)
-Spam
Protection
-Firewall
-Spam filters
-Proxy Servers
-Antivirus software

Question 25

Encryption

Answer 25

HTTPS and SSL
Public-key Encryption
-Public key : Used to encrypt messages
-Private key : Used to decrypt messages
Certificates and Digital Signatures
Certificate authorities