Data Manipulation

Question 1

Computer Architecture

Answer 1

Central Processing Unit (CPU) processor
-Arithmetic/Logic unit vs. Control unit
-Registers
+General purpose
+Special purpose
Bus
Motherboard

Question 2

Machine instruction and machine language

Answer 2

Machine instruction : An instruction encoded as a bit pattern recognizable by the CPU
Machine language : The seet of all instructions recognizable by a machine

Question 3

Machine Language Philosophies

Answer 3

RISC : Reduces Instructions Set Computing
-Few, simple, efficint, fast
-PowerPC by IBM/Motorola/Apple/ARM
CISC : Complex ınstruction Set Computing
-Many, convenient, powerful instructions
-Intel

Question 4

Machine Instruction Types

Answer 4

+Data Transfer : Copy data one location to another
+Arithmetic/Logic : Use existing bit patterns to compute new ones
+Control : Direct the execution pf the program

Question 5

Parts of a Machine Instructions

Answer 5

-Op-code : Which operation
-Operand : Gives more detailed info about operation

Question 6

Program Execution

Answer 6

Controlled by two special-purpose registers
-Program counter : address of next instruction
-Instruction register : current instruciton
Machine Cycle
-Fetch
-Decode
-Execute

Question 7

Special purpose registers

Answer 7

Program counter : address of next instruction
Instruction register : current instruction

Question 8

Machine cycle

Answer 8

Fetc Decode Execute

Question 9

Arithmetic/Logic Operations

Answer 9

Logic : OR/XOR/AND
Rotate and Shift
Arithmetic : Add, subtract, multiply, devide

Question 10

Communicating with other devices

Answer 10

+Controller
+Port
+Memory Mapped I/O
+Direct memory access (DMA)
+Von Neumann Bottleneck
+Handshaking
+Parallel Communication
+Serial Communication

Question 11

Communicating with other devices
+Controller :

Answer 11

An intermaediary apparatus that handles communication between the computer and a device
-Specialized controllers for each type of device
-General purpose controllers (USB and FirWire)

Question 12

Communicating with other devices
+Port :

Answer 12

The point at which a device connects to a computer

Question 13

Communicating with other devices
+Memory Mapped I/O :

Answer 13

CPU communicates with peripheral devices as though they were memory cells

Question 14

Communicating with other devices
+Direct Memory Access (DMA) :

Answer 14

Main memory access by a controller over the bus

Question 15

Communicating with other devices
+Von Neumann Bottleneck :

Answer 15

Insufficient bus speed impedes performance

Question 16

Communicating with other devices
+Handshaking :

Answer 16

The process of coordinating the transfer of data between components

Question 17

Communicating with other devices
+Parallel Communication :

Answer 17

Several communications paths trasnfer bits simultaneously

Question 18

Communicating with other devices
+Serial Communication :

Answer 18

Bits are transferred one after the other pver a single communication path

Question 19

Kbps

Answer 19

1,000 bps

Question 20

Mbps

Answer 20

1,000,000 bps

Question 21

Gbps

Answer 21

1,000,000,000 bps

Question 22

Bandwith :

Answer 22

Maximum available rate