Network Development (L3)

Question 1

The ability to stimulate network performance relies on an ________ _________ of the net.

Answer 1

Accurate representation

Question 2

Transport networks develop from…

Answer 2

1) scattered ports
2) penetration trunklines and gateways
3) interconnections
4) the development of high-priority trunklines and hierarchical systems

Question 3

What’s new in the development of networks?

Answer 3

1) meltdown in global telecomm
2) increased awareness of vulnerability
3) possible flaws in hub networks
4) 4 more years of data and experience since our original draft
5) Upsurge in interest in various models of network evolution

Question 4

Power Laws

Answer 4

Patent signatures of self-organization in complex systems

Question 5

What are the 5 stages in the evolution of Internet Backbones?

Answer 5

1) System of nodes
2) priority nodes get the Infrastructure 1st
3) Infrastructures are linked to the world
4) little specialization (system has no tech upgrade)
5) system expands w/added nodes

Question 6

Hubs determine the…(4)

Answer 6

1) structural stability
2) dynamic behavior
3) robustness
4) error & attack tolerance of real networks

Question 7

Scale Free

Answer 7

The average number of links is not especially important

Question 8

If we erroneously treat the net as the result of random growth, we ________ it vulnerability to deliberate attack.

Answer 8

Underestimate

Question 9

We need to augment the network generation models with _______ ________; else, we have inappropriate benchmarks.

Answer 9

Spatial relationships

Question 10

The “surprise” expressed by ________ about the __________ power law structure of networks seems to miss the basic _______ _________ principles that underlie interaction (hierarchy, integration)

Answer 10

Barabasi / non-random

Spatial organizational

Question 11

Hubs stand as proof of the highly important organizing principles that govern _______ _________.

Answer 11

Network evolution

Question 12

The simultaneous determination of _________ and _______ is a critical observation about the way a network system is made.

Answer 12

Trunk and gateway

Question 13

The primary location of hubs and telecomm sends penetration lines into the _________.

Answer 13

Hinterland

Question 14

The hub is a type of gateway used in ________ ________.

Answer 14

Economic development

Question 15

As hubs and gateways prosper, _______ _______ are left behind.

Answer 15

Non-preferred

Question 16

It is is rare to find a node with a large number of links in a _________ __________.

Answer 16

Random network

Question 17

In _______ ________, most nodes have a few links.

Answer 17

Random networks

Question 18

________ _________ distributions are characteristic of Internet backbones

Answer 18

Power law

Question 19

Do a significant number of backbone nodes have a large number of links?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

________ do not grow randomly.

Answer 20

Networks

Question 21

Poisson model

Answer 21

Random connections

No nodes have a high degree

The mean or average is significant to that network

Easy to manipulate but not not representation of the real world

Question 22

What are the 6 phases in the development of air transport?

Answer 22

Scattered airports

Penetration routes

More air route develop between cities - max degree of connection

More efficient spatial order through a fully connected network structure

A central hub facility develops

Process of de-hubbing

Question 23

What 3 factors are used to analyze the results of the developmental air transport process?

Answer 23

Costs
Level of service
Market share

Question 24

Complex Networks

Answer 24

Involve the study of the structure and evolution of interaction networks in which the formation of new linkages is a probabilistic function of the degree of the node.

Question 25

Objective Networks have _____ and this is compactly represented by a ______.

Answer 25

Histogram / structure

Question 26

A network histogram is a “____” of the distribution of links to nodes.

Answer 26

Picture

Question 27

Different histogram shapes correspond with 3 different kinds of structures….

Answer 27

Random: Poisson
Scale-free: Power Law
Small World: In between

Question 28

In contrast to _____ _____ where all node degree k are close to the average, _____ ____ networks can contain nodes w/degrees that are several standard deviations away from the average.

Answer 28

Random networks

Scale-free

Question 29

Preferential Attachment Rule

Answer 29

In scale-networks, new links are more likely to attach to nodes that already have many links

Question 30

Metcalf’s Law states that the value of a network _____ proportional to the _____ of the number of _____.

Answer 30

Increases
Square
Users

Question 31

Scale-free networks increase returns. The more “_____ ____” you have, the _____ you get.

Answer 31

Market share

More

Question 32

Network diameter is the ____ ____ between any ___ nodes in the network.

Answer 32

Path length

Two

Question 33

What are the 2 characteristics of small-world networks?

Answer 33

A small network diameter

A high degree of clustering

Question 34

What is the “Organizing Principle”?

Answer 34

Shortest links replace longer links

Question 35

Is there strict power law involved in a mini-hub?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

The best way to gauge the network type is to examine how the _____ of the nodes varies across _____ of places

Answer 36

Degree

Ranks