Lecture 8

Question 1

Collective influence of a node is determined by _________ ____ _________

Answer 1

Measuring its degrees

Question 2

Identifying influencer nodes is good when wanting to _________(explanation)

Answer 2

Percolate the network into fragments

Question 3

Major nodes can be major ________

Answer 3

Targets

Question 4

Define a center’s dominant sphere of influence

Answer 4

Hinterlands

Question 5

Delineate a center’s area of influence

Answer 5

Field

Question 6

Both the _______ and ________ of competition influence the shapes of hinterlands and fields.

Answer 6

Presence and location

Question 7

A flow of freight or passengers or the physical infrastructure of a road or railroad

Answer 7

Linkages

Question 8

Largest linkages are called ________ or _________

Answer 8

Trunklines or main streets

Question 9

Small linkages are called ________ or _______

Answer 9

Arterials or feeders

Question 10

The largest and most important ________ are called _________ and serve as entry and exit points for a region

Answer 10

Nodes

Gateways

Question 11

A ________ differentiates between center sizes, regional dominance, and inter-city relationships

Answer 11

Hierarchy

Question 12

Most important linkages are between _______ ________

Answer 12

Dominant centers

Question 13

The largest centers in the hierarchy _________ smaller cities and there are linkages of _________ magnitude between centers

Answer 13

Dominate

Varying

Question 14

Determine the structural stability, dynamic behavior, robustness, and error and attack tolerance of real networks.

Answer 14

Hubs

Question 15

They stand as proof of the highly important organizing principles that govern network evolution

Answer 15

Hubs

Question 16

Value is known

Answer 16

Tangible costs

Question 17

Tangle cost

Example?

Answer 17

Cannot be valued

Peace of mind

Question 18

International free clearance

Answer 18

US custom border in other countries

Question 19

Backup plan B; you’re not vulnerable to the point where you have only one solution

Answer 19

Redundancy

Question 20

Spread the risk to some other agency

Answer 20

Mitigation

Question 21

A budget is available for both ______ and ______ options

Answer 21

Preparedness and recovery

Question 22

GAO

Answer 22

Government organized think tank that gets paid to check things out

Question 23

Draw Goodovitch’s air transport network development model

Answer 23

Drawing

Question 24

Draw TMG’s idealized state model

Answer 24

Drawing

Question 25

Draw Poisson Model

Answer 25

Drawing

Question 26

Draw O'Connor's Intl. air transportation development model

Answer 26

Drawing

Question 27

Draw Gavish Star, Multi-drop, Hub and Multi-drops, and Hub-spoke networks for computers

Answer 27

Draw

Question 28

O'Kelly Internet Model Single-hub/ Penetration lines to regional hubs/ Development of global hub-spoke system/ Emergence of regional hub and spoke system Reliable network systems with hub dispersion

Answer 28

Drawing

Question 29

Pick any pair of nodes at random and link them together

Answer 29

Poisson

Question 30

There are many nodes with few links and few nodes with many links

Answer 30

Scale-free network; Power Law

Question 31

The ________ _________ rule - new links are more likely to attach to nodes that already have many links. What networks use this?

Answer 31

Preferential attachment | Scale-free

Question 32

The average of nodes is useful in ________ networks but not ________ networks

Answer 32

Random | Scale-free

Question 33

Has no strict power law and is not random

Answer 33

Small world network

Question 34

A high degree of clustering (neighborhoods), mini-hubs instead of a single dominant hub

Answer 34

Small world network

Question 35

Small number of hops between all nodes

Answer 35

Small world network

Question 36

Shortest links replace longer links; least amount of hops

Answer 36

Organizing principle

Question 37

What network uses 'organizing principle'?

Answer 37

Small world networks

Question 38

Any node can be reached from any other node in a finite number of hops

Answer 38

Small world network

Question 39

Network that has no hubs

Answer 39

Random

Question 40

Network that has power hubs

Answer 40

Scale-free

Question 41

Networks whose failures start small, propagate until all nodes are affected by a fault

Answer 41

Cascade networks

Question 42

Networks where an epidemic will die out if the spreading rate is less than some threshold. Otherwise the epidemic will persist

Answer 42

Random cascade network

Question 43

Epidemics will not spread throughout a _________ network if the hubs are sufficiently protected

Answer 43

Scale-free cascade

Question 44

Fault-tolerance

Answer 44

Ability to be resilient

Question 45

Fault tolerance increases according to the degree of ________ provided to a node

Answer 45

Protection

Question 46

_______ networks have more fault-tolerance

Answer 46

Scale-free

Question 47

Fault tolerance increases, in a cascade network as (3 ways):

Answer 47

The degree of protected node increases The network scale-free-ness increases The infection rate decreases

Question 48

Exhibit oscillating or reverberating faults, that the infection or fault starts, spreads, and then dies off, starts again spreads, etc., repeatedly Example?

Answer 48

SIS (Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible) Internet

Question 49

Networks effects

Answer 49

Cascading effects would grow as you attach more nodes

Question 50

Cascading effects would grow as you attach more nodes

Answer 50

Network effects