Network Cabling Flashcards

1
Q

802.3 standards

A

Defines protocols for wired LAN, aka Ethernet

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2
Q

Copper vs Fiber speeds

A

Copper can achieve up to 40 Gbps
Fiber can achieve above 100 Gbps

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3
Q

Copper vs. Fiber distance

A

Copper can reach 1100 meters (3609 ft)
Fiber can reach 40 km (25 miles)

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4
Q

Half-duplex vs Full-duplex

A

One-way communication
Two-way communication

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5
Q

What ethernet cables support speeds from 100 Mbps to 10 Gbps

A

Cat 5, 5e, 6, 6a

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6
Q

What are coaxial cables used for ?

A

Broadband internet supporting high-speed transmissions

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7
Q

What do fiber optic cables offer ?

A

The highest speeds up to 100 Gbps, over long distances

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8
Q

What three key factors affect cable speeds ?

A

Quality, installation, and environmental interference

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9
Q

EMI

A

Signals from a device or cable leak out and disrupt signals of another device or cable

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10
Q

Are copper cable susceptible to interference ?

A

Highly, but use shielded coaxial to protect against EMI

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11
Q

Are fiber cables susceptible to EMI ?

A

No

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12
Q

Frequency

A

Higher frequency equals faster tranmission speeds

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13
Q

Attenuation

A

Longer the cable, the weaker the signal

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14
Q

Is fiber affected by attenuation?

A

No

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15
Q

Coaxial cable

A

Electrical cable consisting of a central conductor, insulating layer, metallic shield, and plastic jacket

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16
Q

What is a coaxial cable used for ?

A

Transmitting television, satellite, and broadband internet

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17
Q

Is coaxial less susceptible to interference and attenuation compared to twisted pair ? Why ?

A

Yes, because it is thicker and has better shielding

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18
Q

Where is coaxial commonly installed ?

A

Residential and commercial

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19
Q

What is the most popular coaxial cable ?

A

RG-6

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20
Q

What are the pros of coaxial cable ?

A

Shielding from EMI, long transmission distance (1100 meters) and more affordable than fiber

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21
Q

What are the cons of coaxial cable ?

A

More expensive than twisted pair and can snap if mishandled

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22
Q

BNC connector

A

Secure locking connector and commonly used in old bus and ring networks

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23
Q

F connector (most popular)

A

Twisting hand screw commonly found on cable modems

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24
Q

Fiber-optic (glass or plastic)

A

Uses light to transmit data

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25
Q

What is fiber optic ideal for ?

A

High-speed/greater bandwidth transmissions in telecommunications and internet backbone infrastructure

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26
Q

Fiber cable components

A

Outer jacket,strengthening layer, coating, cladding, and fiber strand

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27
Q

Single-mode (WAN)

A

Single strand of glass fiber with a small diameter that allows only one mode of light to propagate

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28
Q

What is single mode designed for ?

A

Long-distance communication with minimized attenuation and dispersion over distances

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29
Q

Where is single mode commonly used ?

A

Telecommunications and cable TV networks

30
Q

Multimode fiber cable

A

Uses larger diameter fibers that allow multiple modes of light to propagate simultaneously

31
Q

Where is MMF typically used ?

A

Within buildings or in campus networks

32
Q

What is the distance for data and telecommunications applications ?

A

Data = 500 meters
Telecommunications = 2 km

33
Q

Why are MMF the populaf choice for LAN and short range applications ?

A

More affordable and easier to work with

34
Q

Pros of fiber optics ?

A

Not susceptible to EMI, longest transmission distance, fastest speeds

35
Q

Cons of fiber optics ?

A

Difficult to install, most expensive, difficult to troubleshooting issues, need special tools, and hard to fix in the field

36
Q

ST connectors (straight tip)

A

Used in SMF installations

37
Q

SC connector (subscriber, square, standard)

A

Snaps-in style and used in both MMF and SMF installations

38
Q

LC connector (local, little, lucent)

A

Snaps-in style, SFP, and in both SMF and MMF installations

39
Q

Dual LC connectors

A

Snaps-in style, SMF and MMF installations

40
Q

Multi-fiber push on (MPO)

A

Snaps-in style, SFP, SMF and MMF but mostly used in MMF

41
Q

Direct attached cable (DAC)

A

Alternative for close-range connectivity between network devices

42
Q

What do DAC cables offer ?

A

Cost-effective and low-power

43
Q

Twinaxial cables are used where ?

A

In data centers for high-speed/short-distance copper 10 Gigabit or 40 Gigabit ethernet standards

44
Q

Advantages of twinaxial

A

Shielding protects from EMI and more affordable than fiber

45
Q

Disadvantages of twinaxial ?

A

More expensive than coaxial and twisted pair, very short distance connections (0.5-7 meters)

46
Q

Twisted pair

A

Eight wires twisted into 4 pairs

47
Q

What is the most used networking cable in homes and offices ?

A

Twisted pair

48
Q

Advantages of twisted pair ?

A

Easiest to install and manage, STP protects against EMI, least expensive

49
Q

Disadvantages of twisted pair ?

A

Transmission distance is limited to 100 meters (328 ft), UTP has no protection from EMI

50
Q

Two types of twisted pair ?

A

STP and UTP

51
Q

RJ11 connector

A

4 pin connector used in modems and analog telephones

52
Q

RJ45 connector

A

8 pin connectors found on desktops, laptops, and servers

53
Q

What are the twisted pair categories ?

A

Cat 5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, 8

54
Q

What Cat cables can travel 100 meters distance ?

A

Cat 5, 5e, 6a, 7

55
Q

Which short-range cat cable with very high speeds is used in data centers ?

A

Cat 8

56
Q

At what distance and speeds can cat 6 run at ?

A

10,000 Mbps/10 Gbps = 55 meters
1000 Mbps/1 Gbps = 100 meters

57
Q

Which cat cable has per pair shielding ?

A

Cat 7

58
Q

How does cat 6 minimize crosstalk ?

A

Includes a piece of plastic to separate the 4 pairs of wire

59
Q

How does cat 6a carry a more powerful signal for longer distance ?

A

Thicker wires

60
Q

Two types of wiring standards

A

568A and 568B

61
Q

Crossover cables

A

Cables created by terminating different standards at each end of the cable

62
Q

How do you connect unlike devices ?

A

Straight through cable

63
Q

Crossover cables connect similar devices?

A

True

64
Q

Transceivers

A

Devices that can both transmit and receive data

65
Q

How are transceivers used in networking to interface with cables of different types ?

A

Converting electrical signals to optical signals

66
Q

SFP (small form-factor pluggable)

A

Optical module transceiver used for data and telecommunications

67
Q

What speeds does SFP+ support ? How about the older version ?

A

10 Gbps and 4.25 Gbps

68
Q

QSFP (quad small form-factor pluggable)

A

Connector used for fiber optic or electrical copper connections

69
Q

What speeds does QSFP and QSFP+ support ?

A

28 Gbps and 40 Gbps

70
Q

Media converters

A

Type of transceiver that converts data signals from one media type to another

71
Q

Media converter examples ?

A

SMF to Ethernet, MMF to Ethernet, Fiber to Coaxical, SMF to MMF