IP Routing

Question 1

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Answer 1

Translates IP addresses between MAC addresses

Question 2

Routing

Answer 2

Selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic

Question 3

Static Routing

Answer 3

Manually configure routers with specific paths

Question 4

Describe Static Routing

Answer 4

Simple, but lacks flexibility and scalability

Question 5

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Answer 5

One of the oldest distance vector routing protocols

Question 6

What is the maximum number of hops for RIP ?

Answer 6

15

Question 7

Which of the two RIP versions supports subnetting, multicast updates, and simple authentication

Answer 7

RIPv2 (classless)

Question 8

What environments is RIP suitable for?

Answer 8

Small-to-medium networks with limited scalability and slower convergence

Question 9

Open Shortest Path First

Answer 9

Link-state routing protocol

Question 10

What are the key features of OSPF?

Answer 10

Hierarchal design, supports VLSM and CIDR, and updates are only sent when there are changes in the topology

Question 11

What are the advantages of OSPF ?

Answer 11

Efficient, scalable, flexible, load-balancing, and fault tolerant

Question 12

What networks is OSPF suitable for?

Answer 12

Large, complex networks

Question 13

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP/Hybrid Protocol)

Answer 13

Enhanced distance vector protocol, combining features of distance vector and link-state protocols

Question 14

What metrics does EIGRP use?

Answer 14

Bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability

Question 15

What are the key features of EIGRP?

Answer 15

Supports VLSM and CIDR, sends updates when changes occur, and uses metrics

Question 16

Describe the advantages of EIGRP

Answer 16

Highly efficient, scalable, and quick convergence

Question 17

What else can EIGRP provide?

Answer 17

Loop-free paths and load balancing

Question 18

What network is EIGRP suitable for? What devices are especially suitable for EIGRP?

Answer 18

Medium to large networks especially with Cisco devices

Question 19

Metric

Answer 19

Value associated with routes to evaluate the cost of path traversal

Question 20

What value metrics are most desirable?

Answer 20

Lower Values

Question 21

Border Gateway Protocol

Answer 21

Essential for inter-domain routing on the internet

Question 22

What does BGP support?

Answer 22

CIDR for efficient IP address allocation

Question 23

What does BGP employ?

Answer 23

Policies for route selection and advertisement

Question 24

What protocol is used between BGP peers?

Answer 24

TCP for reliabile communications

Question 25

Where is BGP crucial?

Answer 25

ISPs and large enterprises with multiple connections to the internet

Question 26

Describe the characteristics of BGP

Answer 26

Highly flexible and scalable

Question 27

What can BGP manage?

Answer 27

Large routing tables and complex policies

Question 28

Route Selection

Answer 28

Determines the best path from source to destination

Question 29

Which criteria does route selection use?

Answer 29

Administrative distance, prefix length, and metric

Question 30

Administrative Distance

Answer 30

Metric used by routes to rank the trustworthiness

Question 31

What do the lower values indicate?

Answer 31

More preferred routes

Question 32

Prefix Length

Answer 32

Number of continuous bits of the network mask

Question 33

First-Hop Redundancy Protocol

Answer 33

Used to achieve high availability with multiple physical redundant routers

Question 34

Hot Standby Router Protocol

Answer 34

Cisco's proprietary redundancy protocol

Question 35

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Answer 35

Open standard redundancy

Question 36

Virtual IP (VIP)

Answer 36

IP address that is not tied to a specific physical network interface

Question 37

What does VIP provide?

Answer 37

Redundancy and load balancing for services hosted on multiple servers

Question 38

Where are VIPs commonly used?

Answer 38

Network load balancers and failover configurations

Question 39

Do several servers share the same IP through VIP?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Subinterface

Answer 40

It is a virtual interface where the physical interface is divided into multiple logical interfaces

Question 41

Where are the subinterfaces commonly used? What do they manage?

Answer 41

Where multiple VLANs exist on a router or switch's single interface to manage various services or protocols

Question 42

NAT

Answer 42

Translates one IP address to another

Question 43

What provides NAT?

Answer 43

Router or firewall

Question 44

What are four advantages of NAT?

Answer 44

Conserve public IPs, no address overlaps with other LANs, easy to connect to the internet, no address renumbering if your network changes

Question 45

What are the disadvantages of NAT?

Answer 45

Translation delays packet forwarding, loss of end-to-end IP traceability, and some applications do not function with NAT

Question 46

Static NAT (One-to-one)

Answer 46

One internal address to one external address

Question 47

Dynamic NAT (Many-to-many)

Answer 47

Many different internal addresses to many different external addresses

Question 48

Port Address Translation

Answer 48

Many different internal addresses to one external address

Question 49

What is PAT aka and is it commonly used?

Answer 49

Overloading NAT or PNAT, the most common to access the internet