Network Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Network

A

A network is basically two or more computers that communicate with each other and
share information.

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2
Q

What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN

A

Local Area Network defines a small geographical area in which multiple
computers and other devices are connected. LANs can be set up in homes and small
businesses and can be managed individually or centrally
A Wide Area Network is spread across an unlimited geographical area and
connects between multiple LANs. WANs are usually managed by several service
providers.

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3
Q

What devices are typically included in a network?

A

Routers, switches, repeaters, hubs, gateways, bridges and APs

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4
Q

What is the function of a NIC?

A

A Network Interface Controller (NIC) allows endpoint devices to interact with other
devices over a network. Is both a physical layer and data link layer communication

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5
Q

What is the function of a switch?

A

A switch is a network device with physical ports to which endpoint devices can be
connected via Ethernet cables to create a network.
Switches use MAC addresses to pass information from one device to another.

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6
Q

Which OSI layer does a hub operate on?

A

The key difference between hubs, switches and bridges is that hubs operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model, while bridges and switches work with MAC addresses at Layer 2. Hubs broadcast incoming traffic on all ports, whereas bridges and switches only route traffic towards their addressed destinations.

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7
Q

What types of switches are there?

A

Layer 2 Switch - This is the most common and basic switch in use. It uses MAC
addresses to forward information to specific destinations within the network.
Layer 3 Switch - A layer 3 switch performs the same operations as a layer 2 switch but
can also function as a router if it is configured to do so.

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8
Q

What is the difference between collision and broadcast domains?

A

A collision domain is a network segment in which devices share the same physical transmission medium and can collide with each other when transmitting data. In a collision domain, only one device can transmit data at a time.

A broadcast domain is a network segment in which all devices can hear all broadcasts. A broadcast domain of a device consists of all the devices that can receive a broadcast message that is sent by any other device present in the domain.

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9
Q

What is half-duplex?

A

Half Duplex allows unidirectional traffic flow for peer-to-peer communicating parties.
Only one party can send or receive data at any moment. For example, a walkie-talkie is
performed in half duplex.

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10
Q

What is full-duplex?

A

Full Duplex allows bidirectional traffic flow for peer-to-peer communicating parties.
Both parties can send and receive data at the same time. For example, a phone call is
performed in full duplex.

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11
Q

What is the function of a router?

A

A router connects networks and allows communication between endpoint devices indifferent networks. Routers use IP addresses to route information among networks.

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12
Q

What is the function of a “firewall”?

A

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a gatekeeper by monitoring attempts to gain access to your operating system and blocks unwanted traffic or unrecognized sources. It acts as a barrier or filter between your computer and another network such as the internet.

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13
Q

What is the function of “media”?

A

Physical cables or wireless technologies used to connect or pass the information from one device to another.

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14
Q

Describe the make up of an ethernet cable.

A

Ethernet cables are a common type of network cable used with wired networks. They connect devices such as PCs, routers, and switches within a local area network. The cable is made up of four twisted pairs of copper wire and is typically terminated with an RJ-45 connector.

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15
Q

Describe the specifications of a Cat 6 Ethernet Cable.

A

MbpsMaximum length of 100m, maximum speed of 1 Gb/s
(Note: Supports 10 Gb/s for 55m)

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16
Q

What is UTP?

A

UTP - Unshielded Twisted-Pair is the most common copper cable in use. It consists of
four twisted pairs of colored wires. The act of twisting the wires is done to prevent
signal disruption (cross-talk).

17
Q

What is STP

A

STP - Shielded Twisted-Pair cables are similar to UTP, but have additional protection
against EMI and RFI interferences. Each twisted pair is wrapped in foil.

18
Q

What is EMI?

A

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also known as radio frequency interference.

19
Q

What is RFI?

A

Radio Frequency Interference is undesirable disturbance from electrical or electronic sources that interferes with radio frequency transmission.

20
Q

What’s the difference between EMI and RFI?

A

The two terms are often used interchangeably, but to be specific EMI is any frequency of electrical noise, whilst RFI is electrical energy produced in the same frequencies used by radio transmission

21
Q

What is a Network Topology?

A

A network topology describes the structure of a network.
It represents all the connections between all components in a network.
Several types of topologies can be used to construct networks

22
Q

What are the 4 main network topologies?

A

Point-to-point, Star, Mesh and Hybrid

23
Q

What is the 3-tier architecture?

A

A 3-Tier architecture consists of three layers that provide isolation between devices,
greater flexibility, more security options, and resilience.
The separate layers include:
Core – routing layer connecting to servers and the Internet.
Distribution – separation between core and access layers, and boundary control.
Access – communication between endpoint devices.

The layers can be managed independently without affecting other layers.

24
Q

What is the difference between a MAC and an IP Address?

A

MAC address is the unique identity of a computer within a network

IP addresses are used to identify machines operating in different networks.

25
Q

What does a MAC address consist of?

A

It consists of six hexadecimal nodes with two hexadecimal numbers ranging from 00 to FF.
A MAC address includes two parts:
* The first three nodes represent the manufacturer’s identifier.
* The last three nodes represent a serial identifier

26
Q

What are the network classes?

A

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses for Ethernet communication in five classes: A, B, C, D and E. It identified the network and the host.

27
Q

Name 5 communications protocols and their main function.

A

IP - The Internet Protocol is used to establish communication over the network, without
delivery verification.
DNS - Dynamic Name Service is a protocol used to translate domain names to IP
addresses, and vice versa.
DHCP - The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to allocate IP addresses to new
computers that join the network.
HTTP - The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used to transfer text-based data, such as web
pages, over the Internet.
HTTPS - HTTPS is a secure implementation of HTTP. It encrypts the transferred data to
prevent it from being intercepted

28
Q

What is the function of network commands?

A

Network commands are used in network configuration, maintenance, troubleshooting, and more.

29
Q

What is the function of “ping”?

A

It is used to check connectivity between computers over the network.
It also provides information, such as connection speed and reliability.

30
Q

What is the function of “ipconfig”?

A

Displays all the current TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) network configuration, refreshes the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name Server). It also displays IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.

31
Q

What is the function of “nslookup”?

A

Nslookup sends a query to get the name of a computer by its IP address.
It can also do the opposite - query an IP address by the domain name.

32
Q

What is the function of Trace Route “tracert”?

A

Tracert displays all the stations (hops) along the route taken by the information to its
destination.
It can work with a domain name or an IP address

33
Q

What is the function of “netsh”?

A

Command that allows the configuration of the IP address, DNS, default gateway, and various network
functions. It can be used to display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running

34
Q

What are the security issues associated with Wireless Networks?

A

Coverage Area -
Transmission Interference -
Security -
Shared Medium -

35
Q

Name 3 wireless technologies.

A

Wi-Fi - Wi-Fi (WIreless FIdelity) is a technology based on IEEE 802.11 standards that
allows wireless connection to a network via radio waves.
Wi-Fi is used for LAN networks in shared spaces.

Wi-MAX - Wi-MAX is an implementation of a wireless network connection over a wide
area. It is used for LAN and MAN implementations.

Bluetooth - Bluetooth is an implementation of WPAN (Wireless Personal Area
Network). It is mainly used to pair devices and allows communication at up to 100
meters.