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Cybersecurity > IP & Routing Concepts > Flashcards

IP & Routing Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Which mathematical base does the binary system use and which digits represent it?

A

Base 2 and uses 0 & 1

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2
Q

What is a bit?

A

smallest binary digit, increments of data

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3
Q

How many bits form a byte?

A

8

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4
Q

What is an octet?

A

A group of bits

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5
Q

Which mathematical base does the hexadecimal system use, and which digits represent it?

A

Base-16 numerical system uses m. Hex uses the numbers 0–9, followed by the letters A–F.

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6
Q

What are IP address used to identify?

A

A devices source and destination address

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7
Q

What is a router?

A

A device designed to receive, forward, and analyze packets transmitted to
and from other devices on a network, and other networks.

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8
Q

What layer of the OSI Model does a router function?

A

Layer 3 Network

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9
Q

What is a default gateway?

A

The default gateway is a network device that can route traffic to and from other
networks. A router typically fulfills this role.

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10
Q

What does a route base it’s routing decisions?

A

Routing Table. examines packets

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11
Q

What is a loopback interface?

A

Logical interface that is not assigned a physical port. Used to test and manage Cisco IOS devices

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12
Q

How are static routes configured?

A

Static routes are configured and recorded manually and are identified in the routing
table by the letter S.

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13
Q

How are dynamic routes configured?

A

Dynamic routes are identified with unique letters that indicate the dynamic
protocol, as follows:
D = EIGRP routing protocol
O = OSPF routing protocol
R = RIP routing protocol

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14
Q

What is IP?

A

Internet Protocol (IP) is a numerical label assigned to devices
connected to a network. It is used for host identification and
communication.

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15
Q

What organization manages IP addresses?

A

IANA (Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority)

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16
Q

How many bits is IPv4?

A

32 bits, divided into four octets, each containing 8 bits.

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17
Q

How many bit is IPv6?

A

128-bits, with the number of available addresses being 340*1036
can contain numbers and letters

18
Q

What is a subnet mask?

A

A subnet mask is a 32-bit address, same as an IP address.

19
Q

What are the 3 communication types for IP IPv4?

A

Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

20
Q

What is unicast?

A

One-on-one, where a packet is sent
directly from one device on the network to another device on the network.

21
Q

What is multicast?

A

Multicast is when a single source communicates with multiple destinations. A packet
is sent from one device on the network to a group comprised of one or more devices,
using Class D addresses.

22
Q

What is broadcast?

A

Broadcast is when a packet is sent from one device on the network to all other
devices on the network, using a generic broadcast address (255.255.255.255 or
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF).

23
Q

What is Link-Local?

A

Link-local addresses, also known as APIPA addresses, are valid only
for communication within the network broadcast domain. The entire
169.254.0.0/16 address range is reserved for link-local.
If the DHCP is not available or an IP is not statically configured, the
OS will randomly generate a link-local address.

24
Q

What is a Loopback Address?

A

Loopback addresses represent the same interface in a computer.
In IPv4, an entire network (127.0.0.0/8) is reserved for loopback
addresses

25
Q

What is a Private IP?

A

Non-unique addresses. They are used to create networks that do not communicate over the internet.

26
Q

What are public addresses?

A

Public addresses are used for communication over the internet. These IP addresses must be unique, require a fee, and be purchased from service providers.

27
Q

What are the Private IP Ranges?

A

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (A), 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (B) and 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (C)

28
Q

What are the 3 IPv6 Communication Types?

A

Unicast, Multicast, Anycast

29
Q

What are the 3 IPv6 Unicast Types?

A

Global Unicast, Link-local, Unique local

30
Q

What is Unicast in IPv6?

A

Unicast addresses represent specific network interfaces that support IPv6 with 3 sub-types

31
Q

What is Multicast in IPv6?

A

Addresses used to send IPv6 packets from a single host to multiple destinations

32
Q

What is Anycast in IPv6?

A

IPv6 unicast addresses that can be assigned to multiple devices. Packets
sent to an anycast address are routed to the nearest device that has that address (which is why anycast is also known as “one to the nearest”).

33
Q

What are the 3 Unicast Types?

A

Global Unicast. Link-local, Unique-local

34
Q

What is Global Unicast?

A

They are unique and can be routed via the internet. IANA currently assigns only 2000::/3 addresses. address range is from 2000 to 3FFF

35
Q

What are Link-local in IPv6?

A

Communication between devices in the same local link (LAN) Link-local addresses must be unique only within the link. They are not guaranteed to be unique beyond their network segment and begin with FE80::/10

36
Q

What are Unique-local in IPv6?

A

Unique addresses should not be routable in the global IPv6 and should
not be translated to global IPv6 addresses. They begin with FC00::/8.

37
Q

How can IPv4 and IPv6 coexist?

A

IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist using protocols and tools created by IEFT, which are known as dual stack, tunneling, and translation.

38
Q

Half Duplex

A

Half Duplex allows unidirectional traffic flow for peer-to-peer communicating parties.
Only one party can send or receive data at any moment. For example, a walkie-talkie is
performed in half duplex.

39
Q

Full Duplex

A

Full Duplex allows bidirectional traffic flow for peer-to-peer communicating parties.
Both parties can send and receive data at the same time. For example, a phone call is
performed in full duplex.

40
Q

Access Point (AP)

A

Access points allow endpoint devices to connect to a network
wirelessly and manage information transmission.

Cybersecurity (33 decks)

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