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BDS1 Tissues > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

Carries information throughout the body via electrical impulses

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2
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Provide rapid and precise communication between different parts of the body via the action of neurones

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3
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Central nervous system

- Peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the CNS?

A
  • Brain

- Spinal cord

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5
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Cranial nerves

- Spinal nerves

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6
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A
  • 12 pairs of nerves that extend from the brain stem
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7
Q

What are spinal nerves?

A
  • 31 pairs of nerves - one from each side of the spinal column that radiate outwards to all other body parts
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8
Q

What are the 2 main groups of cells in the nervous system?

A
  • Neurones

- Glial cells

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9
Q

What are neurones?

A
  • Nerve cells

- Functional unit of NS that sends signals around the body

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10
Q

What are glial cells?

A
  • Support cells

- Protect, provide nutrients and immune functions to the neurones

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11
Q

What is the basic structure of a neurone?

A
  • Dendrites
  • Large cell body
  • Single axon
  • Terminal boutons
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12
Q

What are dendrites?

A
  • Highly branched processes extending from cell body
  • Form synapses with adjacent neurones
  • Respond to external stimuli
  • Convey incoming information to cell body
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13
Q

What is a neurones cell body?

A
  • Contains usual cellular organelles
  • Large nucleus
  • Nissl bodies
  • numerous mitochondria
  • No centrioles
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14
Q

What does the large nucleus in a neuron cell body do?

A
  • reflects the intense metabolic activity of neurones
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15
Q

What do Nissl bodies do?

A

They contain ribosomes and so are the site of protein synthesis

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16
Q

Why are there numerous mitochondria in a neurones cell body?

A
  • They spend a huge amount of energy to maintain ionic gradients across membranes
17
Q

What are neurons unable to do as they have no centrioles?

A

Unable to divide so limited/no capacity to repair themselves after damage

18
Q

What do axons do?

A
  • Rapidly propagate signals from cell body towards axon terminals
  • Specialised to conduct action potentials
  • PNS - myelinated or non-myelinated
  • CNS - myelinated
19
Q

What are the CNS neuroglia?

A
  • Ependymal cells
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Oligodendrocytes
20
Q

What are the PNS neuroglia?

A
  • Satellite cells

- Schwann cells

21
Q

What epithelium do ependymal cells consist of?

A
  • Simple ciliated cuboidal
22
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A
  • Lines fluid-filled cavities in brain and spinal canal
  • At luminal surface of the cells they have cilia and microvilli so they help to move spinal fluid around and regulate the composition of spinal fluid
23
Q

What do ependymal cells not have?

A

A basement membrane

24
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • Form the blood-brain barrier

- Regulate the chemical environment

25
Q

What is the structure of astrocytes?

A
  • Named for their star shape

- Large, numerous glial cells

26
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

A semi-permeable membrane separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and constituting a barrier to the passage of cells, particles and large molecules

27
Q

What is the function off microglia?

A
  • Phagocytic capacity

- Remove invading microbes and dead cells from CNS

28
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A
  • Predominant neuroglia of white matter
29
Q

What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

A
  • Forms myelin sheaths around all CNS axons

- Provide structural and metabolic support

30
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A
  • Form myelin sheaths around PNS axons
  • Provide structural and metabolic support
  • Non-myelinated axons are enveloped in cytoplasm of Schwann cells
  • Myelinated axons are gradually wrapped by the Schwann cell membrane to create a myelin sheath
31
Q

What are satellite cells and what is their function?

A
  • Flattened cells that cover the surface of neuronal cell bodies
  • Provide structural and functional support

BDS1 Tissues (10 decks)

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