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BDS1 Tissues > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant of the 4 tissue types?

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

What is meant by connective tissue having ‘diverse’ structure and functions?

A
  • Energy storage
  • Organ protection
  • Structural integrity
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3
Q

What are examples of connective tissue?

A
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Tendons and ligaments
  • Adipose tissue
  • Mesentery
  • Layers under skin and around organs
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4
Q

What is the function of bone?

A

Structural integrity

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5
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A
  • Protects joints

- Structural integrity

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6
Q

What is the function of tendons and ligaments?

A
  • Connects muscles to bone

- Protects joints

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7
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

Fat storage

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8
Q

What is the function of mesentery?

A

Connects intestine to abdomen

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9
Q

What is the function of connective tissue layers under the skin and around organs?

A

Support

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10
Q

What are the 3 main components of connective tissues?

A
  • ECM:
  • Ground substance
  • Fibres
  • Cells
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11
Q

What is the function of ECM?

A

Provides structural and biochemical support for cells

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12
Q

What is ECM composed of

A

Ground substance and fibres

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13
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A
  • Provides biochemical support
  • Profound water-binding ability
  • Provides tissue volume
  • Supports intercellular exchange of substances
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14
Q

What is the composition of ground substance?

A
  • Clear, semi-solid gel
  • Composed of glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates
  • hyaluronic acid
  • glucosamine
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15
Q

What do fibres in ECM do?

A

Provide structural support and tensile strength

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16
Q

What are the 2 main types of fibres in ECM?

A
  • Collagen (strongest and most abundant, provide tensile strength)
  • Elastin (long and branched, provide stretch and recoil ability)
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17
Q

How many types of collagen are there and what are the first 3 types?

A

28 different types

  • Type I: found in fibrous tissues (dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone)
  • Type II: Hyaline cartilage
  • Type III: delicate branches ‘reticular’ network found in highly cellular organs (livers and LN’)
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18
Q

What is type 2 collagen tissue?

A

Hyaline cartilage

19
Q

What is elastin secreted into the ECM by?

A

Fibroblasts

20
Q

What does elastin do?

A

Confers elasticity to tissues

21
Q

Where is elastin found in large amounts in the body?

A
  • Skin
  • Lungs
  • Blood vessels
  • Bladder
22
Q

What does xxxblasts mean?

A

To build up/create/produce/synthesise

23
Q

What does xxxcytes mean?

A

To maintain

24
Q

What does xxxclasts mean?

A

To breakdown

25
Q

What are the most common tissue cell type?

A

Fibroblasts

26
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

Secrete fibres and components of ground substance

27
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

Secrete and maintain ECM in cartilage

28
Q

What do osteoblasts and osteocytes do?

A

Secrete and maintain ECM in bone

29
Q

Which tissues are highly vascularised?

A

Connective tissues

  • They contain blood vessels and lymphatic’s
  • They contain immune cells which survey tissues for invading pathogens/cell damage

The exception to this is cartilage

30
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A
  • Broad category of diverse structure and functions
  • Loose or dense depending on arrangement of fibres
  • Generally connects tissues to each other, fills spaces between organs and provides metabolic support
31
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A
  • Has much more ground substance and a relative lack of fibrous tissue
32
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A
  • Has much more fibrous tissue and lack of ground substance
33
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

Found in structures such as tendons and ligaments, is characterised by collagen fibres arranged in an orderly fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction

34
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Provides strength in multiple directions by its dense bundles of fibres arranged in all directions

35
Q

What is areolar tissue?

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Universal packing material - supports and binds other tissues
  • Found beneath the skin, submucosa, surrounding capillaries
36
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Functions include - energy storage, shock absorption, insulation
  • Found deep beneath skin, breasts, in the abdomen, finger and foot pads
37
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Delicate branched network (type III collagen) providing internal structure to highly cellular organs (liver, lymph nodes, spleen)
38
Q

What is dense regular tissue?

A
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Closely, packed collagen fibres running in same direction
  • Provides tensile strength - found in tendons and ligaments
39
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A
  • Closely, packed interwoven fibres running in different directions
  • Found in dermis of skin, forms protective capsule around organs
40
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A
  • Allows tissues to recoil after stretching

- Found in arteries, skin, lungs and underlying transitional epithelium

41
Q

What is Scurvy caused by and what does it lead to?

A
  • Caused by lack of vitamin C

- Leads to defective collagen formation which leads to loose teeth, skin haemorrhages and even death

42
Q

What is Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by and what does it lead to?

A
  • Cause by defect in collagen VII, which anchors the epidermis to the dermis
  • Injuries lead to severe blistering of skin
  • patient often malnourished due to internal trauma of epithelial surfaces
43
Q

What is systemic lupus Erythematosis caused by and what does it lead to?

A
  • Autoimmune disease - antibodies target host tissues
  • Target tissues include skin, bones, tendons, kidneys
  • Oral symptoms include dryness and soreness
  • Oral manifestations include buccal and palatal lesions
44
Q

What is Sjogren’s cause by and what does it lead to?

A
  • Autoimmune disease - affects glands that produce tears and saliva
  • Symptoms include dry eyes and mouth
  • Can occur independently or accompany other disorders, such as, SLE or rheumatoid arthritis
  • Oral manifestations include increased dental caries and candidiasis

BDS1 Tissues (10 decks)

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