Nervous Tissue Flashcards
What is:- The cell shown (hint: glial cell)- The role of this cell
- Astrocyte- Maintains blood-brain barrier, and has a role in homeostasis
What is:- The cell shown (hint: glial cell)- The role of that cell
- Oligodendrocyte- Produces myelin in the CNS
What is:- The cell shown (hint: glial cell)- The role of that cell
- Microglia- Similar to macrophages. Immune monitoring and antigen presentation.
What is:- The cell shown (hint: glial cell)- The role of that cell
- Ependymal cells- Lines cavities in the CNS, for example the ventricles. Note the cilia present.
What is:- A ganglion/ganglia
- A group of neurons living outside of the CNS
What is:- The cell body- The axon- The dendrite- The synapse
- Also called soma. Contains the nucleus and most of the organelles.- A long process which can travel long distances and is reponsible for transmitting data to other cells from the neuron.- Short, branched processes which provide sites for attachment of other axons from other nerve cells.- Specialised junctions between axons and other cells which allow communication.
Nerve cell- Axon hillock
- A swelling in the cell body (soma). The axon arises from this and the action potentials arise here.
Neuronal Classification- What are the 4 types of nerve cell based on shape?
- Unipolar, bipolar, pseudo-unipolar and multipolar.
What is:- The focus of the image shown- Presence of golgi and RER compared to the axon?
- A nerve cell body- Abundant RER and golgi apparatus in the cell body, but not in the axon
What is:- The image shown an example of?- The structures indicated by arrows?
- A typical neuron- As shown on the picture
What is:- Displayed in the picture?
- Cortical Neurons
What is:- Displayed in the image?- The structures indicated by arrows?
Axonal Transport- What is it?- How does it work?- Types of axonal transport
- Energy consuming mechanism of moving material up and down the axon.- Molecular motors like kinesin use microtubules as a pathway to haul organelles and vesicles etc- Classified by speed. Fast can go away from the soma (called anterograde, @400mm/day) or towards the soma (called retrograde, @200mm/day). Slow is @
Peripheral Nervous system- What does it consist of?- Includes elements of…
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their branches. Also contains ganglia.- Both somatic and autonomic(visceral) nervous systems.
Ganglia Comprise of:- Cell bodies- Support cells (satellite and schwann cells)- Axons- Connective tissue- Two types of nerve ganglia
- Large. Lots cytoplasm and nissl substance. Large nuclei.- Small cells surrouding the neuronal cell body- Axons- Loose fibrocollagenous- Can be distinguished based on differing morphology and function. Dorsal root ganglia and autonomic (smypathetic/parasympathetic)ganglia.
What is:- The structure shown- The structures indicated with arrows- Synapses related to this structure
- Dorsal root ganglia- As shown- None
What is:- The structure pictured- Highlighted by the arrows- Synapses present in this structure
- Autonomic Ganglion- As shown- Yes
Peripheral Nerve- One nerve- Fibres can be either…- Peripheral nerve composed of:
- Thousands of axons bundled together- Afferent (sensory) or efferent (motor)- Axons (small unmyelinated, large myelinated), schwann cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels
Peripheral Nerve Connective Tissue- Fascicle- Epineureum- Perineurium- Endoneurium
- Bundles of axons- Surrounds the whole nerve- Surrounds a fascicle- Surrounds fibres within a fascicle
Unmyelinated Axons- Found where
- In clefts in the cytoplasm of schwann cells
Myelin Sheaths (PNS shown)- PNS vs CNS- Nodes of ranvier
- In the PNS one schwann cell makes one layer for one axon. In the CNS one oligodendrocyte makes many layers for many axons.- Gaps in the myelin sheaths which allow signals to jump down the axon - saltatory conduction.
What is:- Displayed in the picture
- Node of Ranvier
Brain Matter- White matter- Grey matter
- Axons (mostly myelinated) and support cells- Lots of neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells.
What is:- Shown in the picture- Highlighted by arrows
- Spinal White Matter- As shown
What is:- What is shown in the picture?- What is highlighted by the arrows?- Neuropil
- Spinal Grey Matter- As shown- Mat of neuronal and glial cell processes which occupies much of the grey matter
What is:- Shown in the picture- Highlighted by the arrows
- Synapse- As shown
Enteric Nervous System- Where is it found?- Where are the neurones found (mostly)?
- In the digestive system. Gets information from autonomic nervous system but can work without it.- In two plexuses. The myenteric plexus between two layers of smooth muscle and the submucosal plexus in the submucosa.
