Circulatory System

Question 1

Blood Vessel Layers- Inner layer- Middle layer- Outer layer

Answer 1

• Tunica intima. Squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells). Supported by basal lamina and thin layer of connective tissue.- Tunica media. Made predominantly of smooth muscle. Varies a lot and sometimes isn’t there.

Question 2

What is:- Shown in the image- Highlighted by arrows and letters

Answer 2

• Muscular artery- Tunica intima (extending to internal elastic membrane), tunica adventitia, tunica media and an external elastic membrane.

Question 3

What is:- Shown in the image

Answer 3

• Arteriole

Question 4

What is:- Shown in the image- A pericyte

Answer 4

• Capillary- Connective tissue cells with contractile properties

Question 5

Types of Capilliaries- Continuous- Fenestrated- Sinusoidal or discontinuous

Answer 5

• More common. Found in muscle, connective tissue, lung, skin, nerve etc- Have pores in the wall. Found in mucosa of gut, endocrine glands and glomeruli of the kidney- No basal lamina and large gaps which macromolecules and sometimes cells can pass through. Found in liver, spleen and bone marrow.

Question 6

Microvasculature- Metarterioles can be controlled by what?

Answer 6

• Smooth muscle, limiting blood flow to areas as required

Question 7

What is:- Shown in the image?

Answer 7

• Vein

Question 8

What is:- Shown in the picture?- Where is it found?

Answer 8

• Valve- Small to medium sized veins. They are an extension of the tunica intima.

Question 9

Layers of the heart- Inner layer- Middle layer- Outer layer

Answer 9

• Endocardium- Myocardium- Epicardium

Question 10

Endocardium- What does it do?

Answer 10

• Layers entire inner surface of the heart including the valves.

Question 11

Myocardium- What is it?

Answer 11

• Thick middle layer containing layers and bundles of contracting cardiac muscle. Lots of collagen and capillaries around it.

Question 12

Intercalated disks- What do they do?

Answer 12

• Attach cells together and allow spread of electrical activity

Question 13

Epicardium- What is it?

Answer 13

• Outer layer of the heart. Has mesothelium, some elastic tissue and also some adipose tissue.

Question 14

What is:- Shown in the image- At the core of the structure shown- Anchoring the leaflets

Answer 14

• Heart valves- Lamina fibrosa- Chordae tendineae attached to papillary muscles

Question 15

What is:- Shown in the image- Describe the walls in these kind of vessels

Answer 15

• Lymphatic capillary- Smooth muscle. Lymph moved by hydrostatic pressure, muscle movements and valves.