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Histology Exam 1 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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2
Q

consisting of the nerves extending toward or away from CNS and ganglia (aggregates of nerve cell bodies outside CNS)

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

the two major types of nervous cells

A

glial cells and neurons

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4
Q

responsible for condition, propagation and reception of nervous impulses. processes called axons or dendrites extend from these cells

A

neurons

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5
Q

(neuroglia) cells associated with neurons. no axons or dendrites. these cells are involved in nutrition, support, insulation and protection of neurons

A

glial cells

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6
Q

nervous tissue where neuron perkikarya (cell bodies), glial cells, axons, dendrites, synapses are found

A

gray matter

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7
Q

nervous tissue where axons, myelin sheaths, oligodendrocytes, and global cells are found. no neuron perikarya, no synapses

A

white matter

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8
Q

nerve cell body, contains nucleus and typical cell organelles

A

perikaryon

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9
Q

nerves have lots of this for synthesis of structural and transport proteins, Nissel bodies seen with light microscope

A

rough ER

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10
Q

pigments deposit vesicles, increase with age, from autophagosome activity

A

lipofuscin deposit.

inclusions

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11
Q

cell processes, may be branched, forms receptive area for synaptic contacts from other neurons. neurons have more than one of these

A

dendrite

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12
Q

single, long, thin cell process extending away form the perikaryon. may be branched, the ends of branches form synapses with other neurons or muscle cells, may be myelinated or not
each neuron only has one of these

A

axon

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13
Q

oligodendroglia myelinate in

A

CNS

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14
Q

Schwann cells myelinate in

A

PNS

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15
Q

pyramid shaped region where axon originates from perikaryon

A

axon hillock

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16
Q

unmyelinated initial portion of axon

A

initial segment

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17
Q

axons carry _______ to synapses at end of axon

A

electrical impulses (action potentials)

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18
Q

specialized junctions with other cells that are along the length or at the end of an axon.
- act as transmission points for electoral impulses or chemical (ionic changes)

A

synapses

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19
Q

synapses at end of an axon or axon branches that are swollen into a club shape are called

A

boutons terminaux

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20
Q

synapses along the length of an axon result in ________ (swellings) in the axon called

A

varicosities

boutons en passage

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21
Q

part of the neuron plasmalemma

A

terminal or presynaptic membrane

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22
Q

this is a space between the presynaptic membrane of the axon and the plasmalemma of the cell that receives the synaptic input

A

synaptic gap or cleft

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23
Q

part of the plasmalemma of a cell that receives input

A

postsynaptic membrane

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24
Q

many small vesicles in the bouton that contain neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

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25
Q

name two neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine and serotonin

26
Q

type of neuron where there are more than 2 processes ( one axon + multiple dendrites) most of neurons on brain and spinal cord

A

multipolar neuron

27
Q

multipolar neurons are found mainly

A

in the brain and spinal cord

28
Q

the brain and spinal cord consist of what type of neuron

A

multipolar neuron

29
Q

type of neuron where there are 2 major processes ( axon and dendrite ) but may be branched at ends, sensory neurons in retina, cochlea, and olfactory epithelium have this type

A

bipolar neuron

30
Q

type of neuron where there are two major processes that are fused oblong portions closest to perikaryon, found in spinal ganglia and in some cranial ganglia

A

pseudounipolar

31
Q

pseudo unipolar developmentally starts out as

A

bipolar

32
Q

efferent, action potential moves from CNS to effector organ (e.g. muscle) in peripheral regions

A

motor neurons

33
Q

afferent, action potential moves from sensory organ to CNS (e.g. neuron processes (effectively dendrites, but often called axons) associated with pacinian corpuscles (touch and pressure)

A

sensory neurons

34
Q

form connections between neurons

A

interneurons

35
Q

there are many more ____ ____ in the nervous system than there are neurons

A

glial cells

36
Q

4 glial cells found in CNS

A
  1. astrocyte
  2. oligodendrocyte
  3. microglia cell
  4. ependymal cell
37
Q

provide both mechanical and metabolic support for neurons, regulating the environment where they function, they contribute to the blood brain barrier and control transport of substances from the blood to neural tissue, they also help coordinate nerve pathway development

A

astrocyte

glial from CNS

38
Q

two types of astrocytes

A

protoplasmic astrocytes

fibrous astrocytes

39
Q

granular cytoplasm, many branches on thicker and shorted processes. found in gray matter.

A

protoplasmic astrocytes

40
Q

long slender processes, found in white matter mainly, function unknown, type of glial cell in CNS

A

fibrous astrocyte

41
Q

forms part of the myelin sheath for a few axons in CNS
smaller than astrocyte
both gray and white matter
these cells must be futures with neurons in order to get neurons to grow in tissue culture - interactive association

A

oligodendrocyte

42
Q

provide a protective function to nervous tissue in that that can become phagocytic
elongated cell body that stains densely, can be confused with oli.
glial cell in CNS

A

microglia cells

43
Q

line the cavities in the CNS
form the lining of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, make a contribution to the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CNS)
dilated cells forming single layer of cubical epithelium that lines the entire neurocoel

A

ependymal cells

44
Q

types of glial cells in the PNS

A
  1. Schwann cells

2. satellite cells

45
Q

forms a part of the myelin sheath for an axon in PNS

A

Schwann cells

46
Q

encapsulate and provide protein and support for the cell bodies of peripheral neurons in the many peripheral ganglia

A

satellite cell

47
Q

nerves are surrounded by a thick connective tissue sheath composed of collagenous fibers and fibroblasts and containing small blood vessels that is called the _____. this extends into the nerve and between the fascicles.

A

epineurium

48
Q
A

nerve fibers

49
Q

each bundle (or fascicle) of axons is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the

A

perineurium

50
Q

each axon within each bindle is individually surrounded by a layer of reticular connective tissue called the

A

endoneurium

51
Q

myelin acts to ____ axon, it _____ ___ condition of electrical impulses due to the formation of nodes of rangier where adjacent sheath cells meet along the length of an axon

A

insulate axon

speeds up condition

52
Q

the ___ the nodes of rangier along a given axon, the faster the transmission

A

fewer

53
Q

involuntary component to the nervous system called

A

autonomic nervous system

54
Q

autonomic nervous system important in three things

A
  1. control of smooth muscle
  2. secretion of some glands
  3. modulation of some glands
55
Q

two parts of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. sympathetic

2. parasympathetic

56
Q

part of the autonomic nervous system
neurotransmitter is norepinephrine- adrenergic synapses.
generally stimulates
enhances activity

A

sympathetic

57
Q

neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

58
Q

part of the autonomic nervous system
neurotransmitter is acetylcholine- cholinergic synapses
generally slows activity

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

acetylcholine

60
Q

an aggregation of neurons and associated glial cells outside the CNS

A

ganglion

61
Q

purely sensory ganglia, part of voluntary nervous system, connective tissue capsule surrounds ganglia

  • neurons cortical (peripheral)
  • shoe Nissl bodies and lipofuscin
A

dorsal root ganglia, cranial ganglia

Histology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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