Microscopy

Question 1

7 types of artifacts

Answer 1

1. swelling of tissue components
2. shrinkage of tissue components
3. wrinkles in section
4. tears in section
5. air bubbles
6. dust
7. stain precipitate

Question 2

a measure of the ability to distinguish two points as town points

Answer 2

resolution

Question 3

measures to what extent the light that passes through a specimen is spread out over and collected by the objective lens

Answer 3

numerical aperture (NA)
- allows us to calculate the resolving power of the objective

Question 4

NA=

Answer 4

n x sin(a)

Question 5

R =

Answer 5

0.61 X(lamda/NA)

Question 6

the maximum useful magnification on a compound light microscope is between _______ and ____

Answer 6

1000X and 1500X

Question 7

study of chemical nature of cells and tissues with the light and electron microscopes

Answer 7

histochemistry

Question 8

forms a reaction product with degraded hemoglobin

Answer 8

perl reaction

Question 9

study the role of calcium salts in bone histogenesis

Answer 9

Von Kossa method

Question 10

lipid specific stain

Answer 10

sudan IV, sudan black

Question 11

one facet of histological technique as being the most important or the potentially most useful technique

Answer 11

immunocytochemistry

Question 12

Why fix tissue?

Answer 12

preserve structure
deactivates enzymes that would digest the tissue
make look like its living
never be the same so choose the fixative that will do the best job

Question 13

why dehydrate fixed tissue ?

Answer 13

fixatives are water soluble, most embedding material is non polar and non miscible with water.

Question 14

why embed?

Answer 14

tissue needs to be sectioned, so needs to be sturdy enough to withstand sectioning
want components to stay in natural positions and not move around (wax or plastic)
allows it to be but thin(7 micro meters for wax)

Question 15

why section?

Answer 15

allows you to see internal structure
allows stains to easily get into tissue
allows light to pass through

Question 16

why stain tissue?

Answer 16

creates higher contrast

Question 17

tissue/cellular structures that are “created” by preparative techniques for histological specimens are called

Answer 17

artifacts

Question 18

resolution of a microscope depends on

Answer 18

physical properties
of lenses
substance its in
b/t the specimen and lens
radiation used to image the specimen

Question 19

look at the 5 criteria for histochemical reactions

Answer 19

look at the 5 criteria for histochemical reactions