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HISTO > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

neuroglia within the CNS

A
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglial cells
  • ependymal cells
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2
Q

Carries messages from other neurons to the cell body

A

nervous tissue

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3
Q

specialized sites of contact between neurons

A

synapses

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4
Q

[classification of neurons according to number]

one dendrite and one axon

A

bipolar neuron

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5
Q

three (3) main parts of a neuron

A
  • soma (cell body)
  • axon (nerve fiber)
  • dendrites (branches)
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6
Q

[PNS]

“voluntary”

A

somatic nervous system

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7
Q

carries impulses from the cell body and is covered by a myelin sheath composed of other cells

A

axon

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8
Q

[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]

provide protection, metabolic, nutritional, and mechanical support to the neurons

A

neuroglia / glial cells

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9
Q

network of fine cellular processes emerging from neurons and glial cells

A

neurophil

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10
Q

regulate nutrients and waste exchange for cell bodies

A

satellite cells

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11
Q

[ganglia]

where cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic nerves are located

A

autonomic ganglia

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12
Q

[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]

  • undergo mitosis but do not propagate nerve impulses
  • smaller and more numerous
A

neuroglia / glial cells

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13
Q

aid production and movement of CSF

A

ependymal cell

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14
Q

receive and transmit nerve impulses

A

neuron / nerve cell

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15
Q

two (2) types of ganglia

A
  • sensory ganglia
  • autonomic ganglia
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16
Q

location of ependymal cell

A

line ventricles & central canal of CNS

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17
Q

the pre-synaptic neurons come in the form of ______________

A

neurotransmitters

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18
Q

[PNS]

“flight or fight”

A

sympathetic division

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19
Q

PNS consists of

A
  • nerve fibers
  • ganglia
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20
Q

These are the most abundant and the largest of the glial cells

A

astrocytes

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21
Q

are a type of glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that helps form the myelin sheath around the nerve fibers

A

schwann cell

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22
Q

defense and immune-related activities

A

microglia

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23
Q

electrically insulates PNS cell bodies

A

satellite cells

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24
Q

location of satellite cell

A

peripheral ganglia

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25
Q

ten times more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain

A

neuroglial cells

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26
Q

These are small, elongated cells with small bean-shaped nucleus and have fewer processes. Assume a thorny appearance

A

microglia

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27
Q

Functionally similar to the microglial cells within the CNS, which helps in clearing the nerve debris

A

schwann cells

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28
Q

white matter & gray matter are found in

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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29
Q

often large, with a large, euchromatic nucleus and well-developed nucleolus. The cytoplasmic contains basophilic Nissl substance or Nissl bodies, which are large masses of free polysomes and RER indicating the cell’s high rate of protein synthesis.

A

cell body

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30
Q

have Nissl granules

A

neuron / nerve cell

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31
Q

These are flattened cells that provide structural support to neurons within the ganglia of the PNS

A

satellite cells

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32
Q

[ganglia]

where cell bodies of sensory neurons are located

A

sensory ganglia

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33
Q

responsible for the proper formation of CNS during embryonic development

A

astrocytes

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34
Q

is the trophic center of cells which contains organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeletal structures

A

cell body / soma / cyton / perikaryon

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35
Q

The two (2) anatomic divisions of the nervous system

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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36
Q

smaller than neurons

A

neuroglia / glial cell

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37
Q

Carries out communication and integration

A

nervous tissue

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38
Q

origin of ependymal cell

A

neural tube

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39
Q

it is histologically and physiology made up of a network of billions of nerve cells known as ________, all assisted by many more supporting cells called ________

A

neurons, glial cells

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40
Q

origin of satellite cell

A

neural crest

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41
Q

ALSO creates myelin sheaths

A

oligodendrocytes

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42
Q

It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning

A

nervous tissue

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43
Q

origin of oligodendrocyte

A

neural tube

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44
Q

[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]

are the largest cells, specialized to receive information and conduct it as impulses to other parts of the nervous system.

A

neurons / nerve cells

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45
Q

[classification of neurons according to function]

control effector organs such as muscle fibers, exocrine & endocrine glands

A

motor/efferent neurons

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46
Q

Closely associated with neuronal cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia of the PNS

A

satellite cells

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47
Q

______________ also called as presynaptic knob and dendrites of the other nerve

A

telondria

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48
Q

the subsidiary cell of the neurons

A

neuroglia / glial cell

49
Q

origin of schwann cell

A

neural crest

50
Q

the far most complex in the human body

A

nervous system

51
Q

“the cable transmission of neurons”

A

axon

52
Q

allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS

A

schwann cells

53
Q

the supporting nervous system cells, which provide mechanical and structural support to neurons

A

neuroglia / glial cell

54
Q

neuroglia within the PNS

A
  • schwann cells
  • satellite cells
55
Q

two (2) principal types of cells of a nerve tissue

A
  • neurons / nerve cells
  • neuroglia / glial cells
56
Q

It is the chief tissue component of the 2 major parts of the nervous tissue – the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

A

nervous tissue

57
Q

other name for schwann cells

A

neurolemmocytes / neuromyelocytes

58
Q

location of astrocyte

A

CNS

59
Q

the end of axons usually have many small branches called

A

telondria

60
Q
  • covered by a myelin sheath
A

axon

61
Q

They are star-shaped or stellate cells with many processes that can terminate at blood vessels or neurons

A

astrocytes

62
Q

[true or false]

The number of neurons remains identical with age

A

true

63
Q

extends from the perikaryon, receiving input from the other neurons

A

dendrites

64
Q

fibrous astrocytes are located in the _________

A

white matter

65
Q

are the cells in your brain that allow you to think, feel, and move

A

neurons

66
Q

[PNS]

“involuntary”

A

autonomic nervous system

67
Q

two (2) types of nerve fibers

A
  • sensory fibers (afferent)
  • motor fibers (efferent)
68
Q

Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

A

ependymal cells

69
Q

Assist in the production and circulation of CSF

A

ependymal cells

70
Q

Neurons form ___________ between two neurons and between neurons and also the sensory or effector organs

A

synapses

71
Q

protoplasmic astrocytes are located in the _________

A

gray matter

72
Q

are usually short, tapering, and highly branched structure that forms a tree-shaped array of processes emerging from the cell body receiving input from other neurons

A

dendrites

73
Q

are gaps along the myelin sheath that covers the axon of neuron cells. They function to recharge the action potential that runs along the axon

A

nodes of ranvier

74
Q

surround and insulate PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters

A

schwann cells

75
Q

These are flattened cells that produce myelin sheath that covers axon or nerve fibers in the PNS

A

schwann cells

76
Q

These cells are sensitive to injuries and produce chronic pain

A

satellite cells

77
Q

[PNS]

“rest or digest”

A

parasympathetic division

78
Q

origin of astrocyte

A

neural tube

79
Q

[classification of neurons according to number]

with the longer branch extending to a peripheral ending and the other toward the CNS

A

unipolar / pseudounipolar neuron

80
Q

don’t have a basal lamina

A

ependymal cells

81
Q

support neuronal survival and activities

A

neuroglial cells

82
Q

“input portions of a neuron”

A

dendrites

83
Q

[classification of neurons according to number]

with one axon and two or more dendrites, are the most common

A

multipolar neuron

84
Q

location of oligodendrocyte

A

CNS

85
Q

[true or false]

The quantity of neuroglia is reduced with age

A

true

86
Q

phagocytic cells that move through the CNS

A

microglia

87
Q

fibrous intercellular network of CNS tissue superficially resembles collagen by light microscopy

A

neurophil

88
Q
  • helps form the BBB
  • regulates interstitial fluid components
  • provides structural support to the CNS
  • assists in neuronal development
A

astrocytes

89
Q

a complex, integrated communication network that functions to detect, analyze, and integrate information arising from chemical and mechanical changes, generated by sensory stimuli

A

nervous system

90
Q

The nerve impulses conducted by neurons with long, slender projections called _______

A

axons

91
Q

location of microglia

A

CNS

92
Q

in a very mature system, is capable of multiplying by themselves

A

neuroglia / glial cell

93
Q
  • doesn’t have granules
  • doesn’t have axons
  • doesn’t form synapses
A

neuroglia / glial cell

94
Q

Assume a low columnar, epithelial-like cells or cuboidal shape, and the apical cilia, which facilitate the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricle

A

ependymal cells

95
Q

two (2) types of astrocytes

A
  • fibrous astrocytes
  • protoplasmic astrocytes
96
Q

location of schwann cell

A

peripheral nerves

97
Q

Responds to stimuli

A

nervous tissue

98
Q

Neurons generate and carry out nerve impulses

A

nervous tissue

99
Q

CNS consists of

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
100
Q

the efficient units of the nervous system

A

neuron / nerve cell

101
Q

[choose the correct answer]

sensory fibers

a. afferent
b. efferent

A

a. afferent

102
Q

[choose the correct answer]

motor fibers

a. efferent
b. afferent

A

a. efferent

103
Q

the aggregations of cell bodies of neurons within the PNS

A

ganglia

104
Q
  • structural and metabolic support of neurons, especially at synapses
  • repair processes
A

astrocyte

105
Q
  • myelin production
  • electrical insulation
A

oligodendrocytes & schwann cell

106
Q

Most _________ are incapable of multiplying and differentiating in an exceedingly mature systema nervosum

A

neuron / nerve cell

107
Q

In multiple sclerosis, immune cells target the ________________

A

oligodendrocytes

108
Q

They protect the CNS by engulfing infectious and foreign agents and other potentially harmful substances

A

microglia

109
Q

[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]

It is the functional unit in both the CNS and PNS

A

neurons / nerve cells

110
Q

structural and metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies

A

satellite cells

111
Q

[classification of neurons according to function]

receptors of sensory stimuli from the environment & from within the body

A

sensory/afferent neurons

112
Q

three (3) forms of neurons

A
  • sensory neurons
  • motor neurons
  • interneurons
113
Q

_________ are often 4 μm to 1 mm

A

neuron / nerve cell

114
Q

origin of microglia

A

bone marrow (monocyte)

115
Q

[classification of neurons according to number]

with many dendrites but no true axon

A

anaxonic neuron

116
Q

is a long, thin cylindrical projection wherein components of its plasma membrane and cytoplasm are different from that of the neuron’s cell body

A

axon

117
Q

Provides electrical insulations to nerve cells and removes debris

A

nervous tissue

118
Q
  • Smaller than astrocytes with fewer processes and have small round or oval dense nucleus.
  • Each one wraps myelin around several axons.
A

oligodendrocytes

119
Q

shortest fiber which stretches out from the soma of a neuron

A

dendrites

HISTO (6 decks)

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