Nervous Tissue Flashcards
neuroglia within the CNS
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglial cells
- ependymal cells
Carries messages from other neurons to the cell body
nervous tissue
specialized sites of contact between neurons
synapses
[classification of neurons according to number]
one dendrite and one axon
bipolar neuron
three (3) main parts of a neuron
- soma (cell body)
- axon (nerve fiber)
- dendrites (branches)
[PNS]
“voluntary”
somatic nervous system
carries impulses from the cell body and is covered by a myelin sheath composed of other cells
axon
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
provide protection, metabolic, nutritional, and mechanical support to the neurons
neuroglia / glial cells
network of fine cellular processes emerging from neurons and glial cells
neurophil
regulate nutrients and waste exchange for cell bodies
satellite cells
[ganglia]
where cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic nerves are located
autonomic ganglia
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
- undergo mitosis but do not propagate nerve impulses
- smaller and more numerous
neuroglia / glial cells
aid production and movement of CSF
ependymal cell
receive and transmit nerve impulses
neuron / nerve cell
two (2) types of ganglia
- sensory ganglia
- autonomic ganglia
location of ependymal cell
line ventricles & central canal of CNS
the pre-synaptic neurons come in the form of ______________
neurotransmitters
[PNS]
“flight or fight”
sympathetic division
PNS consists of
- nerve fibers
- ganglia
These are the most abundant and the largest of the glial cells
astrocytes
are a type of glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that helps form the myelin sheath around the nerve fibers
schwann cell
defense and immune-related activities
microglia
electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
satellite cells
location of satellite cell
peripheral ganglia
ten times more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain
neuroglial cells
These are small, elongated cells with small bean-shaped nucleus and have fewer processes. Assume a thorny appearance
microglia
Functionally similar to the microglial cells within the CNS, which helps in clearing the nerve debris
schwann cells
white matter & gray matter are found in
central nervous system (CNS)
often large, with a large, euchromatic nucleus and well-developed nucleolus. The cytoplasmic contains basophilic Nissl substance or Nissl bodies, which are large masses of free polysomes and RER indicating the cell’s high rate of protein synthesis.
cell body
have Nissl granules
neuron / nerve cell
These are flattened cells that provide structural support to neurons within the ganglia of the PNS
satellite cells
[ganglia]
where cell bodies of sensory neurons are located
sensory ganglia
responsible for the proper formation of CNS during embryonic development
astrocytes
is the trophic center of cells which contains organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeletal structures
cell body / soma / cyton / perikaryon
The two (2) anatomic divisions of the nervous system
- central nervous system (CNS)
- peripheral nervous system (PNS)
smaller than neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
Carries out communication and integration
nervous tissue
origin of ependymal cell
neural tube
it is histologically and physiology made up of a network of billions of nerve cells known as ________, all assisted by many more supporting cells called ________
neurons, glial cells
origin of satellite cell
neural crest
ALSO creates myelin sheaths
oligodendrocytes
It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
nervous tissue
origin of oligodendrocyte
neural tube
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
are the largest cells, specialized to receive information and conduct it as impulses to other parts of the nervous system.
neurons / nerve cells
[classification of neurons according to function]
control effector organs such as muscle fibers, exocrine & endocrine glands
motor/efferent neurons
Closely associated with neuronal cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia of the PNS
satellite cells
______________ also called as presynaptic knob and dendrites of the other nerve
telondria
the subsidiary cell of the neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
origin of schwann cell
neural crest
the far most complex in the human body
nervous system
“the cable transmission of neurons”
axon
allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS
schwann cells
the supporting nervous system cells, which provide mechanical and structural support to neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
neuroglia within the PNS
- schwann cells
- satellite cells
two (2) principal types of cells of a nerve tissue
- neurons / nerve cells
- neuroglia / glial cells
It is the chief tissue component of the 2 major parts of the nervous tissue – the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
nervous tissue
other name for schwann cells
neurolemmocytes / neuromyelocytes
location of astrocyte
CNS
the end of axons usually have many small branches called
telondria
- covered by a myelin sheath
axon
They are star-shaped or stellate cells with many processes that can terminate at blood vessels or neurons
astrocytes
[true or false]
The number of neurons remains identical with age
true
extends from the perikaryon, receiving input from the other neurons
dendrites
fibrous astrocytes are located in the _________
white matter
are the cells in your brain that allow you to think, feel, and move
neurons
[PNS]
“involuntary”
autonomic nervous system
two (2) types of nerve fibers
- sensory fibers (afferent)
- motor fibers (efferent)
Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
ependymal cells
Assist in the production and circulation of CSF
ependymal cells
Neurons form ___________ between two neurons and between neurons and also the sensory or effector organs
synapses
protoplasmic astrocytes are located in the _________
gray matter
are usually short, tapering, and highly branched structure that forms a tree-shaped array of processes emerging from the cell body receiving input from other neurons
dendrites
are gaps along the myelin sheath that covers the axon of neuron cells. They function to recharge the action potential that runs along the axon
nodes of ranvier
surround and insulate PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters
schwann cells
These are flattened cells that produce myelin sheath that covers axon or nerve fibers in the PNS
schwann cells
These cells are sensitive to injuries and produce chronic pain
satellite cells
[PNS]
“rest or digest”
parasympathetic division
origin of astrocyte
neural tube
[classification of neurons according to number]
with the longer branch extending to a peripheral ending and the other toward the CNS
unipolar / pseudounipolar neuron
don’t have a basal lamina
ependymal cells
support neuronal survival and activities
neuroglial cells
“input portions of a neuron”
dendrites
[classification of neurons according to number]
with one axon and two or more dendrites, are the most common
multipolar neuron
location of oligodendrocyte
CNS
[true or false]
The quantity of neuroglia is reduced with age
true
phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
microglia
fibrous intercellular network of CNS tissue superficially resembles collagen by light microscopy
neurophil
- helps form the BBB
- regulates interstitial fluid components
- provides structural support to the CNS
- assists in neuronal development
astrocytes
a complex, integrated communication network that functions to detect, analyze, and integrate information arising from chemical and mechanical changes, generated by sensory stimuli
nervous system
The nerve impulses conducted by neurons with long, slender projections called _______
axons
location of microglia
CNS
in a very mature system, is capable of multiplying by themselves
neuroglia / glial cell
- doesn’t have granules
- doesn’t have axons
- doesn’t form synapses
neuroglia / glial cell
Assume a low columnar, epithelial-like cells or cuboidal shape, and the apical cilia, which facilitate the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricle
ependymal cells
two (2) types of astrocytes
- fibrous astrocytes
- protoplasmic astrocytes
location of schwann cell
peripheral nerves
Responds to stimuli
nervous tissue
Neurons generate and carry out nerve impulses
nervous tissue
CNS consists of
- brain
- spinal cord
the efficient units of the nervous system
neuron / nerve cell
[choose the correct answer]
sensory fibers
a. afferent
b. efferent
a. afferent
[choose the correct answer]
motor fibers
a. efferent
b. afferent
a. efferent
the aggregations of cell bodies of neurons within the PNS
ganglia
- structural and metabolic support of neurons, especially at synapses
- repair processes
astrocyte
- myelin production
- electrical insulation
oligodendrocytes & schwann cell
Most _________ are incapable of multiplying and differentiating in an exceedingly mature systema nervosum
neuron / nerve cell
In multiple sclerosis, immune cells target the ________________
oligodendrocytes
They protect the CNS by engulfing infectious and foreign agents and other potentially harmful substances
microglia
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
It is the functional unit in both the CNS and PNS
neurons / nerve cells
structural and metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies
satellite cells
[classification of neurons according to function]
receptors of sensory stimuli from the environment & from within the body
sensory/afferent neurons
three (3) forms of neurons
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- interneurons
_________ are often 4 μm to 1 mm
neuron / nerve cell
origin of microglia
bone marrow (monocyte)
[classification of neurons according to number]
with many dendrites but no true axon
anaxonic neuron
is a long, thin cylindrical projection wherein components of its plasma membrane and cytoplasm are different from that of the neuron’s cell body
axon
Provides electrical insulations to nerve cells and removes debris
nervous tissue
- Smaller than astrocytes with fewer processes and have small round or oval dense nucleus.
- Each one wraps myelin around several axons.
oligodendrocytes
shortest fiber which stretches out from the soma of a neuron
dendrites
