Cell & Epithelium Flashcards
[prophase]
the chromosomes condense, the nucleoli disappear and the mitotic spindle apparatus assembles
late prophase
[phases of mitosis]
The mitotic spindle has attached to the centromere of each chromosome and moves them through the “dance of mitosis”
metaphase
[cytoskeleton]
- diameter: long and thin rods
- fxn: withstand stretching & compression
- protein type: Actin
- structure: anchor one cell to another
microfilaments
[cell structures & organelles]
Movement of chromosomes during cell division
centriole
[cytoskeleton]
- diameter: long and hollow
- fxn: cellular movement
- protein type: Tubulin
- structure: cilia
microtubules
[cell structures & organelles]
where RNA is synthesized
nucleolus
[cell structures & organelles]
site of protein synthesis
free ribosome
[cells]
Somatic cells have two copies of the genome
diploid
[terminologies]
are the basic living, structural, and functional units in all tissues
cells
form membranes and hormones
lipids
[cell structures & organelles]
outer wall of the cell
plasma membrane
[cells]
Sperm and egg cells have only one copy of the genome
haploid
[phases of mitosis]
The mitotic spindle apparatus pulls the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart by attaching to each centromere and then pulling the chromatids to each pole of the cell
anaphase
[cell structures & organelles]
breaks down nutrients from food to provide energy
mitochondrion
five (5) phases of mitosis
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
[cytoskeleton]
- diameter: intermediate between microtubules & microfilaments
- fxn: strong inner framework in actively dividing skin cells
- protein type: Protein dimer
- structure: skin and nerve cells
intermediate filaments
[terminologies]
- microtubules
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
cytoskeleton
[cells]
bone, blood, nerve, and muscle cells are __________
somatic cells
provide energy
carbohydrates
[cell structures & organelles]
houses the DNA
nucleus
[phases of mitosis]
- the chromosomes condense, making them distinguishable when using a light microscope
- the chromosomes condense, the nucleoli disappear, and the mitotic spindle apparatus assembles
prophase
three (3) phases of interphase
- G1 phase
- S phase
- G2 phase
maintaining stability and shape as well as assisting in cell-to-cell communication
proteins
[terminologies]
is a form of cell division that produces 2 cells, each has the same complement of chromosomes as the parent cells
mitosis
[metaphase]
drift away from the equator
telomeres
[cell structures & organelles]
studded with ribosomes
rough ER
[prophase]
the chromosomes condense, making them distinguishable when using a light microscope
early prophase
a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing a three-dimensional shape
cytoskeleton
[terminologies]
- plasma membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
- secretory vesicles/granules
- lysosomes
- proteasomes
- peroxisomes/microbodies
cytoplasmic organelles
[interphase]
- Before DNA synthesis, each of the cell’s chromosomes consists of one chromatid.
- After DNA synthesis, each of the cell’s chromosomes consists of 2 genetically identical sister chromatids attached at the centromere
S phase
[cell structures & organelles]
biochemical identity and cellular identity
glycocalyx
[interphase]
The cell prepares the enzymes and machinery for mitosis
G2 phase
[phases of mitosis]
- the cell grows in size and carry out their normal day-to-day activities
- Before DNA synthesis, each of the cell’s chromosomes consists of one chromatid. After DNA synthesis, each of the cell’s chromosomes consists of 2 genetically identical sister chromatids attached at the centromere
- The cell prepares the enzymes and machinery for mitosis
interphase
[cell structures & organelles]
Site of fatty acids and phospholipids synthesis
smooth ER
two (2) phases of prophase
- early prophase
- late prophase
[phases of mitosis]
cytokinesis begins (formation of daughter cells)
telophase
[interphase]
the cell grows in size and carry out their normal day to day activities
G1 phase
[metaphase]
aligned at the equator of the cell
centromeres
