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HISTO > Microscopy & Histology > Flashcards

Microscopy & Histology Flashcards

1
Q

allows rays to pass directly through the eye without being deflected by an intervening opaque plate in the condenser

A

brightfield / lightfield microscope

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2
Q

magnification level of the HPO

A

40x

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3
Q

uses a laser light to scan samples

A

confocal microscopy

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4
Q

magnification level of an eyepiece / ocular lens

A

10x

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5
Q

used to obtain a clear image of a specimen

A

oil

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6
Q

four (4) types of objectives

A
  • scanner
  • low-power objectives (LPO)
  • high-power objectives (HPO)
  • oil immersion objectives (OIO)
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7
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

inactivate enzymes and preserve the tissue

A

fixation

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8
Q

holds the components of the microscope

A

base

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9
Q

magnification level of the OIO

A

100x

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10
Q

observed at 3D image

A

scanning electron microscope

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11
Q

where the light passes through from the light source to the specimen

A

stage aperture / hole

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12
Q

magnification level of the scanner

A

4x

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13
Q

changing from one objective lens to another with minimal or no refocusing

A

parfocal

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14
Q

examining transparent specimens without staining (alive)

A

phase-contrast microscope

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15
Q

the range of wavelength for visible light is 0.4-0.7 µm (400-700 nm)

A

light microscopy

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16
Q

used in the immunology section

A

fluorescent microscope

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17
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

the paraffin-infiltrated tissue is placed in a small mold with melted paraffin and allowed to harden to provide an external support in a form of paraffin block

A

embedding

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18
Q

ideal visualization of birefringent sediments such as crystals

A

polarizing microscopy

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19
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

most important step in tissue preparation

A

fixation

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20
Q

simple compound microscope

A

brightfield / lightfield microscope

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21
Q

[staining]

H & E stands for

A

hematoxylin and eosin

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22
Q

magnifies 100,000x

A

electron microscope

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23
Q

used in geology

A

polarizing microscope

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24
Q

can create 3D images through multiple scans

A

confocal microscopy

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25
Q
  • fibers, ground substances, and fluids (transporting of nutrients to the cells and carrying away waste and secretory products)
  • supports the cells
A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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26
Q

[H & E staining]

stains nuclear components including heterochromatin and nucleoli

A

hematoxylin

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27
Q

[fixation]

_________ is used as formalin

A

formaldehyde

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28
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

  • one of the very important steps
  • using cover slip and mounting medium
A

mounting and labeling

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29
Q

greek words “_______” (tissue or columns), “________” (to study)

A

“histos”, “logia”

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30
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

  • cytological swabs
  • biopsies
  • surgical resection
A

tissue acquisition

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31
Q

tissues are usually irradiated with UV light

A

fluorescent microscopy

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32
Q

[H & E staining]

  • negatively charged acidic dye
  • colors positively charged basic structures
  • has a pink hue (acidophilic)
A

eosin

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33
Q

“carrying handle”

A

arm

34
Q

optimum resolution is achieved using _________________

A

oil immersion objective

35
Q

two (2) components of tissue

A
  • cells
  • extracellular matrix (ECM)
36
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

the tissue is placed in melted paraffin wax which evaporates and clears solvent

A

infiltration

37
Q

most important part of the microscope

A

condenser

38
Q

refracting index of cedarwood oil

A

1.516

39
Q

“light source”

A

incandescent lamp

40
Q

this is where you put the slide

A

mechanical stage

41
Q
  • forward & backward
  • left & right
A

mechanical stage controls

42
Q

specimens are usually transparent & colorless

A

phase-contrast microscopy

43
Q

use of fluorochromes and immunofluorescent techniques

A

fluorescent microscope

44
Q

use of polarized light to see the details of an object

A

polarizing microscope

45
Q

where your objective lenses are placed

A

revolving nosepiece

46
Q

two (2) types of staining

A
  • H & E staining
  • PAS staining
47
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

to remove water content gradually in the tissue sample, intracellularly and extracellularly

A

dehydration

48
Q

make use of a beam of electrons that is transmitted through a specimen

A

transmission electron microscope

49
Q

paraffin sections are cut at ______ thickness

A

3-10 mm

50
Q

collects and directs the light from the light source to the specimen

A

condenser

51
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

removal of alcohol, replaced with hydrocarbon chemical (saline, benzene)

A

clearing

52
Q

magnification level of the LPO

A

10x

53
Q

regulates the amount of light

A

iris diaphragm

54
Q

most commonly used oil in OIO

A

Cedarwood oil

55
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

the ethanol is replaced by an organic solvent miscible (capable of being mixed) with both alcohol and the embedding medium

A

clearing

56
Q

two (2) types of focusing knobs

A
  • course adjustment knob
  • fine adjustment knob
57
Q

[light source / illuminator]

reduces the intensity of light

A

neutral density filter

58
Q

[H & E staining]

  • positively charged basic dye
  • colors negatively charged acidic structures (DNA/RNA)
  • has a blue hue (basophilic)
A

hematoxylin

59
Q
  • sharpen the focus
  • used in HPO and OIO
A

fine adjustment knob

60
Q

electron microscopy uses less than ______ in thickness of paraffin sections

A

1 mm

61
Q

another term for serial sections

A

ribbons

62
Q

study of tissues of the body

A

histology

63
Q

[staining]

PAS stands for

A

periodic acid-schiff

64
Q

extent of the detail of the magnified specimen

A

resolution

65
Q

natural lights illuminate the tissue

A

light microscopy

66
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

the tissue is transferred through a series of increasingly concentrated alcohol solution

A

dehydration

67
Q
  • used for initial observation
  • used in scanner and LPO
A

course adjustment knob

68
Q

sections are deparaffinized and rehydrated

A

staining

69
Q

utilizes the hexose rings of polysaccharides and other carbohydrate-rich tissue structures and stains such macro molecules with distinct magenta color

A

PAS staining

70
Q

where your ocular lenses are placed

A

rotatable head

71
Q

identify transparent microorganisms in a dark background

A

dark-field microscope

72
Q

holds the slide in place

A

stage clip

73
Q
  • it is done before using the microscope
  • obtain the sharpness of an image
  • done for a longer duration / usage
A

diopter adjustment ring

74
Q

[H & E staining]

stains cytoplasmic components including collagen and elastic fibers, muscle fibers and red blood cells (RBC)

A

eosin

75
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

the resulting paraffin block is trimmed to expose the tissue for sectioning on a microtome

A

trimming

76
Q

utilizes electron beams of light rays and magnetic fields instead of lenses

A

electron microscope

77
Q

the formula for a total magnification

A

objectives x ocular lens

78
Q

[basic steps in tissue preparation]

stops tissue degradation

A

fixation

79
Q

voltage regulator / brightness adjustment

A

light source / illuminator

80
Q
  • prevent the loss of light
  • prevent further scattering of light
A

oil

81
Q

other term/s of resolution

A

resolution limit / resolving power

HISTO (6 decks)

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