Nervous tissue

Question 1

What type of nerve carries electrical signals to and from the brain?

Answer 1

Cranial nerve

Question 2

What type of nerve carries electrical signal to and from the spinal cord?

Answer 2

Spinal nerve

Question 3

What are the structural divisions of the PNS?

Answer 3

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Question 4

What are the functional divisions of the PNS?

Answer 4

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 5

Sensory (efferent) division carries signals [???] the CNS

Answer 5

Toward

Question 6

Motor (efferent) division carries signals [???] CNS

Answer 6

Away from

Question 7

The 2 divisions of the motor (efferent) division of the PNS are:

Answer 7

Somatic - voluntary, to skeletal muscle

Autonomic - involuntary - to smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 8

The autonomic division of the efferent division of the PNS is divided into:

Answer 8

Sympathetic - fight or flight

Parasympathetic - rest and digest

Question 9

The 2 types of nervous tissue are:

Answer 9

Neurons and neuroglia (glial cells)

Question 10

The 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS are

Answer 10

Astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes

Question 11

What do astrocytes do and where are they found?

Answer 11

Hold neurons together, repair/scar formation, maintain ion concentrations, induce blood-brain barrier formation.
Found in CNS.

Question 12

What do microglia do and where are they found?

Answer 12

Defense cells.

Found in CNS.

Question 13

What do ependymal cells do and where are they found?

Answer 13

Line cavities in brain (ventricles) and spinal cord and help form and circulate CSF.
In CNS.

Question 14

What do oligodendrocytes do and where are they found?

Answer 14

Wrap neurons in myelin.

Found in CNS.

Question 15

What to Schwann cells do and where are they found?

Answer 15

Make myelin sheaths.

Found in PNS.

Question 16

Oligodendrocytes : CNS :: [???] are to PNS

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

What are the common structural features of neurons?

Answer 17

Cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synapses

Question 18

What are clusters of neurons called?

Answer 18

Nuclei (CNS)

ganglia (PNS)

Question 19

What are dendrites’ function?

Answer 19

Receives chemical signals and conducts electrical signals toward cell body.

Question 20

What is the axon’s function?

Answer 20

Carries electrical signals away from cell body to terminals

Question 21

Bundles of axons are [???] in the PNS and [???} in CNS

Answer 21

Nerves

Tracts

Question 22

In a nerve (PNS) or tract (CNS), the [???] wraps each fiber (axon), the [???] wraps each group of axons (fascicle), and the [???] wraps the whole unit.

Answer 22

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

Question 23

3 structural classes of neurons:

Answer 23

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

Question 24

This is a [???] neuron

Answer 24

Bipolar

Question 25

This is a [???] neuron

Answer 25

Multipolar

Question 26

This is a [???] neuron

Answer 26

Unipolar

Question 27

The 3 functional classes of neurons and their respective structures are:

Answer 27

Sensory (afferent) - unipolar
Motor (efferent) - multipolar
Association (interneurons) - multipolar

Question 28

99% of the neurons in the body are which functional class?

Answer 28

Association - entirely within CNS

Question 29

Gray matter is composed of

Answer 29

Nerve cell bodies and dendrites
axon terminals
unmyelinated axons
Neuroglia

Question 30

White matter is composed of

Answer 30

Myelinated axons