Muscle tissue

Question 1

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

Which type of muscle has many nuclei per cell?

Answer 2

Skeletal

Question 3

Which muscle types use involuntary control?

Answer 3

Cardiac

Smooth

Question 4

Which types of muscles produce the most heat?

Answer 4

Skeletal

Question 5

What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 5

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 6

What’s the name of the CT layer between skin and muscle?

Answer 6

superficial fascia

Question 7

What are the functions of the superficial fascia?

Answer 7

Stores water and fat
Preserves heat
Protects and cushions underlying tissues

Question 8

What does the deep fascia do?

Answer 8

Holds functional groups of muscles together
Allows each muscle to move
Fills spaces between muscles

Question 9

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps a whole muscle

Answer 9

epimysium

Question 10

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps muscle fascicles

Answer 10

perimysium

Question 11

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps each muscle fiber

Answer 11

endomysium

Question 12

What type of CT are tendons made of?

Answer 12

Dense regular

Question 13

What’s the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell called?

Answer 13

Sarcolemma

Question 14

What’s the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle called?

Answer 14

Sarcoplasm

Question 15

What’s the name of the organelle running the length of the cell that’s made up of sarcomeres?

Answer 15

Myofibril

Question 16

What are sarcomeres made of?

Answer 16

Myofilaments

Question 17

What causes muscle striation?

Answer 17

The arrangement of myofilaments

Question 18

What are the two types of myofilaments?

Answer 18

Thick filaments

Thin filaments

Question 19

What proteins are thick filaments made of?

Answer 19

Myosin

Question 20

What proteins are thin filaments made of?

Answer 20

Actin

Question 21

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 21

Stores calcium and releases it when signaled by a nerve impulse

Question 22

What do cross bridges do?

Answer 22

Stick out of thick filaments and bind with thin filaments

Question 23

What do T-Tubules do?

Answer 23

Continuations of the sarcolemma that carry nerve impulses to deeper region of muscle fiber

Question 24

Explain the Sliding Filament Mechanism

Answer 24

When nerve impulse signals muscle cell calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum. This allows myosin to bind to actin and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomeres.

Question 25

What's a motor unit?

Answer 25

One motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 26

Delicate muscles have [more/fewer] fibers per motor unit.

Answer 26

Fewer

Question 27

What's the area called where the neuron meets a muscle fiber?

Answer 27

Neuromuscular junction

Question 28

What's the gap between a neuron and a muscle fiber called?

Answer 28

Synaptic cleft

Question 29

What's the name of the neurotransmitter that's released at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 29

Acetylcholine

Question 30

What are the structural/functional types of skeletal muscle fiber?

Answer 30

Red slow twitch/slow oxidative White fast twitch/fast glycolytic Intermediate fast twitch/fast oxidative

Question 31

Which types of muscle fibers are smallest?

Answer 31

Red slow twitch

Question 32

Which muscle fiber types are more common in postural muscles?

Answer 32

Red slow twitch/slow oxidative

Question 33

which 2 kinds of muscle fibers can convert to the other?

Answer 33

White fast twitch | Intermediate fast twitch

Question 34

Where are intercalated discs found?

Answer 34

Between cells in cardiac muscle

Question 35

What are intercalated discs made of?

Answer 35

Desmosomes to resist stretch | Gap junctions allow ions to carry between cells

Question 36

Order the 3 muscle fiber types by length

Answer 36

Smooth - 30-200 mm long Cardiac - 100 mm long Skeletal - cenimeters long

Question 37

What are the 2 main types of smooth muscle?

Answer 37

``` Multiunit (in specific places) Single unit (most) ```

Question 38

Skeletal muscle contracts through sliding filament, where smooth muscle does what?

Answer 38

Scrunching criss-crossed filaments