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Anatomy/Physiology > Muscle tissue > Flashcards

Muscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Which type of muscle has many nuclei per cell?

A

Skeletal

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3
Q

Which muscle types use involuntary control?

A

Cardiac

Smooth

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4
Q

Which types of muscles produce the most heat?

A

Skeletal

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5
Q

What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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6
Q

What’s the name of the CT layer between skin and muscle?

A

superficial fascia

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7
Q

What are the functions of the superficial fascia?

A

Stores water and fat
Preserves heat
Protects and cushions underlying tissues

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8
Q

What does the deep fascia do?

A

Holds functional groups of muscles together
Allows each muscle to move
Fills spaces between muscles

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9
Q

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps a whole muscle

A

epimysium

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10
Q

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps muscle fascicles

A

perimysium

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11
Q

The [???] is the CT layer that wraps each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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12
Q

What type of CT are tendons made of?

A

Dense regular

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13
Q

What’s the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell called?

A

Sarcolemma

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14
Q

What’s the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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15
Q

What’s the name of the organelle running the length of the cell that’s made up of sarcomeres?

A

Myofibril

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16
Q

What are sarcomeres made of?

A

Myofilaments

17
Q

What causes muscle striation?

A

The arrangement of myofilaments

18
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A

Thick filaments

Thin filaments

19
Q

What proteins are thick filaments made of?

A

Myosin

20
Q

What proteins are thin filaments made of?

A

Actin

21
Q

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Stores calcium and releases it when signaled by a nerve impulse

22
Q

What do cross bridges do?

A

Stick out of thick filaments and bind with thin filaments

23
Q

What do T-Tubules do?

A

Continuations of the sarcolemma that carry nerve impulses to deeper region of muscle fiber

24
Q

Explain the Sliding Filament Mechanism

A

When nerve impulse signals muscle cell calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum. This allows myosin to bind to actin and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomeres.

25
Q

What’s a motor unit?

A

One motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it innervates

26
Q

Delicate muscles have [more/fewer] fibers per motor unit.

A

Fewer

27
Q

What’s the area called where the neuron meets a muscle fiber?

A

Neuromuscular junction

28
Q

What’s the gap between a neuron and a muscle fiber called?

A

Synaptic cleft

29
Q

What’s the name of the neurotransmitter that’s released at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

30
Q

What are the structural/functional types of skeletal muscle fiber?

A

Red slow twitch/slow oxidative
White fast twitch/fast glycolytic
Intermediate fast twitch/fast oxidative

31
Q

Which types of muscle fibers are smallest?

A

Red slow twitch

32
Q

Which muscle fiber types are more common in postural muscles?

A

Red slow twitch/slow oxidative

33
Q

which 2 kinds of muscle fibers can convert to the other?

A

White fast twitch

Intermediate fast twitch

34
Q

Where are intercalated discs found?

A

Between cells in cardiac muscle

35
Q

What are intercalated discs made of?

A

Desmosomes to resist stretch

Gap junctions allow ions to carry between cells

36
Q

Order the 3 muscle fiber types by length

A

Smooth - 30-200 mm long
Cardiac - 100 mm long
Skeletal - cenimeters long

37
Q

What are the 2 main types of smooth muscle?

A 
Multiunit (in specific places)
Single unit (most)
38
Q

Skeletal muscle contracts through sliding filament, where smooth muscle does what?

A

Scrunching criss-crossed filaments

Anatomy/Physiology (14 decks)

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