Nervous Tissue Flashcards
nerve cells
conducting cells specialized to conduct electrical activity that can be sensory, motor, interneurons
What is the function of the neuroglia cells ?
nonconducting cells providing physical support, metabolic activity, insulation
What type of nervous tissue cells can become cancerous
neuroglial cells
Where does the nerve tissue develop from
embryonic ectoderm
The pseudounipolar cells are
sensory found in spinal and most cranial sensory gangia
the bipolar cells are
sensory and found in retina, cochlear, and vestibular ganglia
Multipolar clles are
motor and interneurons and found in MOST cells
giemsa stain
a nissle stain showing some of the 6 cortical layers
What are the layers of cortical cells
molecular external granular layer external pyramidal cell layer internal granular layer ganglionic layer multiform cell layer
nissle bodies
RER and ribosomes, high level of metabolism
axon hillock
origin of the axon from the perikaryon, free of cell organelles
schwann cells
provide myelin for PNS
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies of spinal ganglia
oligodendroglia
provide myelin found in CNS
white matter in CNS
astrocytes
most numerous of glial cells
contain GFAP
fibrous type in white matter, protoplasmic found in grey matter
microglia
smallest, phagocytic cells, derived from bone marrow
where are glial cells except microglial derived from
neural tube
ependyma
line the ventricles and central cord
Function of myelin sheath
electrically isolates the axon from the surroundings
composed of multiple layers of cell membrane around the axon
junction between segments devoid of myelin
node of ranvier
inernodal segment
myelin between two ranvier nodes
what is the function of the ranvier node
allows fast conduction (saltatory cnduction of nerve impulse)
inner and outer lamellae of myelin sheat contains_________-
cytoplasm
small islands of the membrane that contain cytoplasm are called
schmidt laterman clefts
Function of satellite cells
electrical and metabolic insulation
dorsal root ganglion contains
cell bodies of psuedounipolar sensory innervation
_______oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons simultaneousl
single
difference between schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
don’t have external lamina and fewer schmidt laterman clefts
Where are the nodes of ranvier larger
CNS
protoplasmic astrocyte
mainly in the gray matter, short branching processes
fibrous astrocyte
mainly in the white matter-longer straight processes
Ependymal cells
form the simple epithelial lining of CSF filled cavities of CNS, tight junctional complexes, cuboid or columnar, microvilli or cilia
cover the choroid plexus (formation of CSF)
anterograde transport
molecules synthesized in soma
can be slow or fast
retrograde transport
brings regulatory proteins from the bouton to the soma
only fast rate
mediated by dynein bound microtubules
axodendritic
classical synapse
axosomatic
axon to cell body
axoaxonic
axon to axon
dendrodendritic
dendrite to dendrite
electrical synapses
mechanism of synaptic transmission
endoneurium
circular and longitudinal collagen fibrils around each nerve fiber
probably secreted by schwann cells
perineurium
specialized connective tissue (contractile cells)
tight junctions between the cells in the same layer-BBB
epineurium
dense irregular connective tissue surrounds the nerve and the fascicles
contains blood vessels
