Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Nervous systems and drugs > Flashcards

Nervous systems and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of excitatory neurotransmitters?

A 
noradrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
glutamate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of drugs that mainly act on nervous system

A
  1. anaesthetics
  2. anxiolytic/hypnotic
  3. neuromusculars blocking drugs
  4. antidepressant drugs
  5. antiparkinsonian
  6. anticolvusants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how are anaesthetics administered?

A

Intravenously

inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why are anaesthetics?

A

to promote analgesia, unconciousness, amnesia, loss of reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do anaesthetics work?

A

they promote insensitivity via crossing blood-brain barrier (as they are lipid soluble). they can affect neurone excitability via binding to receptors and can affect ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

side effects of anaesthetics

A

nausea/cvomiting
shallow/rapid rbeathing
crosses placenta
loss of temperature control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 stages of anaesthetics?

A

stage 1- analgesia
stage 2- excitement
stage 3- surgical anaesthesia via skeletal relaxation and loss of reflexes
stage 4- medullary paralysis> loss of respiratory/ vasomotor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what the types of general anaesthetics?

A

barbiturates
gases
non-barbiturate
volatile liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is nitrous oxide use for?

A

for maintaining anaesthesia with oxygen

its a potent analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

other examples of inhaled anaesthetics?

A

isoflurane
desflurane
sevoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what the commonly used intravenously administered drugs?

A

propofol-non barbiturate

thiopental- barbiturate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

advantages of propofol

A

rapid action and rapid recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

disadvantages of propofol?

A

may cause convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

advantages of thiopental?

A

useful for brief procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

disadvantages of thiopental?

A

rapid awakening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

other examples of anaesthetics?

A

etomidate- it causes no hangover effect and less hypotension but causes muscle movements and suppresses the adrenocortical function
ketamine- used to shock patients. it increases blood pressure and heart rate and causes bad hallucinations and bad dreams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are anxiolytics/hypnotics drugs?

A

benxodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does increasing doses of benzodiazepines do?

A

anxiety> sedation> hypnosis

20
Q

examples of hypnotic drugs

A

midazolam
temazepam
diazepam

21
Q

advantages of hypnotic drugs?

A

causes amnesia

does no cause excessive sedation in low doses

22
Q

disadvantages of hypnotic drugs?

A 
no analgesic effect
causes constipation/hypotension
may lead to dependence
causes respiratory depression
crosses placenta
it interacts with alcohol
23
Q

What are neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

muscle relaxantts

24
Q

what do neuromuscular blocking drugs do?

A

they block transmission in motor nerves
causes deep anaesthesia
relaxes vocal cords to allow endoscopy

25
Q

disadvantage of neuromuscular drugs?

A

it prolongs muscle paralysis/pain

causes brochospasm due to histamine release

26
Q

what are non-depolarising drugs?

A

acetylecholine antagonist

27
Q

what are depolarising drugs?

A

acetylecholine agonist

28
Q

what to use to reverse effects of non-depolarising drugs?

A

administer drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase e.g. neostigmine

29
Q

what is pseudocholinesterase?

A

it metabolises suxamethonium (acetylcholine agonist)

30
Q

what do narcotic analgesics do?

A

they act on the opioid receptors in CNS to relieve pain

31
Q

examples of narcotic analgesics

A

fentanyl
alfentanil
remifentanil
morphine

32
Q

disadvantages of narcotics?

A

causes nausea/vomiting
reduces breathing rate
can be addictive

33
Q

what are local anaesthetics use for?

A

for minor procedures for analgesia and paralysis

34
Q

mechanism of anaesthetics

A

block transmission of nerve impulses from nociceptors (pain receptors) via blocking entry of sodium ions through voltages gated channels

35
Q

common methods of administration of anaesthetics?

A

epidural

intradermal and topical to relieve superficial pain/irritations

36
Q

commonly used anaesthetics

A

lidocaine- use in dentak surgery and stud 100 (treatment for premature ejaculation)
prilocaine- in creams

37
Q

adverse effects of anaesthetics?

A

abnormal heart beat
convulsions
cardiorespiratory arrest
hypersentivity

38
Q

what are vasoconstrictors use for?

A

prolong drug action and enhance potency
reduces toxicity
reduces blood loss

39
Q

examples of vasoconstrictors

A

adrenaline

felypressin

40
Q

what do antidepressants do?

A

increase excitatory neurotransmitters levels in brain

41
Q

what do antiparkinsonians do?

A

increase levels of dopamine

42
Q

what do anticonvulsants do?

A

treatment for epilepsy via reducing conduction of excitatory nerve impulses
or/and increases GABA activity

43
Q

3 types of antidepressants?

A

tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOIs)

44
Q

tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors mechanism?

A

blocks reuptake of receptor

45
Q

what do monoamine oxidase inhibitor do?

A

blocks enzymes from breaking down the neurotransmitters

Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions