Drug disposition Flashcards

1
Q

What is in a medicine?

A

active drug

excipients (inactive part of drug)

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2
Q

What impacts can excipients cause?

A

bioavailability

duration of therapeutic effect

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3
Q

What happens to oral drugs?

A

tablets> granules> fine particles > solution> absorption

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4
Q

Site of absorption of drugs?

A

stomach

small intestines

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5
Q

Required property of drug?

A

It has to be lipid soluble

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6
Q

Absoption mechanisms of drugs?

A

passive diffusion
through aquaporins
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis

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7
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Selective passage of substance down its concentration
gradient via protein channel
No ATP use
can be inhibited by antagonists

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8
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of substance against its concentration gradient

ATP use

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9
Q

What is drug distribution?

A

The distribution of drugs via blood stream into various body tissues

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10
Q

What is the blood flow to liver?

A

680 mL/min/kg

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11
Q

Blood flow to kidney

A

3333 mL/min/kg

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12
Q

blood flow to CNS

A

615 mL/min/kg

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13
Q

blood flow to myocardium

A

833 mL/min/kg

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14
Q

blood flow to fat

A

25mL/min/kg

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15
Q

blood flow to muscles and others

A

25mL/min/kg

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16
Q

What is protein binding?

A

Binding of drug onto plasma proteins > only unbounded drugs can diffuse through membranes

17
Q

What is drug metabolism?

A

Enzyme mediated conversion of lipid soluble compound into water soluble compound

18
Q

Where does drug metabolism mostly occur?

A

Liver

19
Q

Other places for drug metabolism to occur?

A

kidney, GI tract, brain, lung, plasma

20
Q

What is phase I of drug metabolism?

A

Modification of drug structure to make them more water soluble and can cause drug to become more reactive than parent drug (pharmacological activation)

21
Q

What is phase II of drug metabolism?

A

It conjugates drugs to large molecules e.g. amino acids, sulphate groups, glucuronic acid
it causes pharmacological inactivation

22
Q

What is pharmacological inactivation?

A

The modification of drug structure which makes decreases receptor affinity and enhances excretion

23
Q

What can happen to drug metabolising enzymes?

A

they can be induced or inhibited

24
Q

What is drug excretion?

A

the removal of drug from the body via urine, faeces, lungs or skin

25
Q

What is drug half-life?

A

the time taken for amount of drug in body to decrease to half

26
Q

What is the importance of drug half-life?

A

Prevents drug interaction via allowing you know when one drug has be eliminated from body
important to determine how long a toxic concentration of drug will take to be decrease

27
Q

What is drug therapeutic window?

A

The range of drug dosage from minimum therapeutic concentration to minimum toxic concetration

28
Q

Consequences of renal and hepatic diseases on drugs?

A

Drug concentrations may reach toxic levels due to elongated half life time