Nervous System overview

Question 1

CNS vs PNS

Answer 1

Central nervous system (CNS) = brain + spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = cranial and spinal nerves

Question 2

Somatic nervous system vs Autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

Somatic nervous system = Controls skeletal muscle under voluntary control and includes incoming sensory (afferent) and outgoing motor (efferent) fibres from the brain and spinal cord.

Autonomic nervous system = A division of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal organs (Heart rate, digestion, respiration) and also the fight or flight response.
Can be subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 3

Sympathetic division vs Parasympathetic division

Answer 3

Sympathetic division works to stimulate nervous activity (pre and post ganglionic neurons)

Parasympathetic division works to slow the nervous system down

Question 4

Define ganglia, role and examples

Answer 4

Ganglia refers to a group of nerve cell bodies or a nerve cluster that occur in the PNS.

Ganglia act as intermediates between the CNS and PNS.

Examples: Dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia and autonomic ganglia)

Question 5

define plexus and example

Answer 5

Plexus refers to a branching network of nerves or vessels (examples: cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral plexus)

Question 6

cranial nerve III, VII, IX, X, S4
- region of spinal cord
- Associated nerves and terminal ganglia
- target organs

Answer 6

III:
Eddlinger-Weslphal nucleus
- Cilary ganglion
- Eyes

VII
Super salivatory nucleus
- Pterygoalatine ganglion and submandibulara ganglion
- lacrinal gland, mucous membrane (nose and palate)

IX
Inferior salivatory nucleus
- Otic ganglion
- Submaxilary and sublingual glands

X
Dorsal nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambigiouus
- heart, larynex, trachea, bronchi, esphogaus, stomach, abdominal blood vessels, live and bile duct, pancreas, adrenal gland, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

S4:
Spinal cord
- Coccygeal gangila
- large intestine, rectum, kidney, bladder, gonads, external gentila

Question 7

Brachial plexus is where

Answer 7

c5-t1

Question 8

draw the spinal cord (looking down)

Answer 8

Lecture slide

Question 9

Why is there more grey matter in thoriac/lumbar than cervical nerves

Answer 9

areas with lots of muscles need lots of sensory input and so need more neurons = more grey matter enlargement

Question 10

Where/what is
pia mater
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
Subdural space

Answer 10

dura mater (thick layer)

arachnoid mater
-> subarachnoid space (Contains (SF)

pia mater
↳ thin layer that attaches to spinal cord

Question 11

Ventral and dorsal root pathway movement

Answer 11

Ventral (anterior) : Signals OUT (efferent) to skeletal muscles of body etc
- made of visceral and somatic motor (to sympathetic nerve) efferent

Dorsal (posterior): Afferent -