Microanatomy Flashcards
Classification of joints
Functional classification: Joints can be classified functionally, according to their range of movement. i.e.
synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses. See lecture notes for further classification.
Structural classification: This lab will focus more on the structural characterisation as this is what can see during
microanatomical examination.
Types of joints and examples
Bony fusion: Coronal suture
Fibrous joint: Lambdoid suture
Cartilaginous Joint: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc
Synvovial Joint: Knee
Staining colours of
collagen
cartiliage
Blood vessels/calcification or ossification
cartiliage = pale blue
Connective tissue, eg Collegen = dark blue
BV/calcification = red
Identify structures 1,2,3
-Document
- Annulus fibrosis
- Nucleus pulposus
3.Cartiliage end plate
What is the joint capsule tissue type
The joint capsule, which surrounds synovial joints, is composed of dense connective tissue with two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane.
What cells are responsible for production synovial fluid and where can these cells be found?
Synovial fluid, which lubricates joints, is produced by specialized lining cells called type B synoviocytes (or fibroblast-like synoviocytes) within the synovial membrane.
what type of cartiliage is CEP
Hyaline cartilage
What cells are in each staining region?
Dark blue
pale blue
inner zone of ossification (i.e. endochondral ossification) in vertebral bodies have osteocytes within the dark blue regions, chondrocytes within pale blue cartilage regions
What cell is involved with proteoglycan matrix maintenance
notochordal cells within centre of nucleus pulposis which are majorly involved in proteoglycan matrix maintenance
Skin layers and purpose
outermost layer of skin is the epidermis, then the dermis – consists of the papillary layer (which allows immune cells in), under which is the reticular layer (provides strength – collagen).
Compact bone vs spongy bones
-osteon
Compact bone HAS osteons
Spongy DOESNT HAVE OSTEONS
Periostenum vs endostenum cell types
Peri: sheath lining outside of bones: two layers – fibrous, and cell layer
(osteogenic cells – bone stem cells)
Endo: lines internal surface of bones – osteogenic cells (usually osteoblasts),
Cervical vs thoracic spine vertebrae
costal facets on THORACIC – inferior, superior, transverse
- for ribs to articulate with
transverse foramen on
CERVICAL – for vertebral vein and artery
o C1 – atlas, C2 (axle – with DENS on it to allow rotation of head).
pale blue = —– -> slightly darker blue =______ -> Dark blue =_____
(pale blue - cartilage -> slightly darker blue = calcifying cartilage -> Dark blue = bone
loose connective tissue (reticular) sites and purpose
spleen lymph nodes, bone marrow
Allows for movement of
cells through tissue
Loose connective tissue - AEROLAR
Sites and puroose
To wrap and cushion organs
and allow for cell movement
(eg Phagocytes), to protect
against bacteria.
Eg. Papillary layer of the
dermis
Loose connective tissue - ADIPOSE
Sites and purpose
Provides fuel reserve.
Shock absorber
Insulates against heat loss
Skin
Dense Connective Tissue
- IRREGULAR
sites and puropose
Found in tissues where tension is
exerted from many directions. Also
found around some organs
attaching to surrounding tissue.
Eg. Reticular layer of the dermis,
submucosa of digestive tract
Dense Connective Tissue
- REGULAR
Fibre bundles are;
Running in parallel
Provides resistance to tension.
Eg. Tendons and Ligaments
TENDON VS. SKELETAL MUSCLE
Appearance difference
Tendon: Dense regular
connective tissue.
collagen fibres aligned in the
same direction to deal with the tension in one direction
-has more blue in it (light blue due to presence of cartiliage)
Cartilage - HYALINE
- mainly made up of?
-purpose
-sites
Mainly made up of matrix =
proteoglycans and collagen.
Contains lots of proteoglycans, these
bind with water and provide pads to
absorb compressive forces.
Provides firm support and some
movement. Provides pads that absorb
compression.
Eg. Articular cartilage of long bones
Cartilage
-ELASTIC
- main component
-purpose
-sites
Similar to Hyaline - just
MORE ELASTIC fibres
Found where strength and
stretchability are needed
Eg. Epiglottis, external ear
Cartilage
-FIBROCARTILAGE
-main component
-purpose
-sites
Dominated by
collagen.
Found in high stress
areas
-where it resists
compression and
absorbs shock.
Intervertebral discs
what part of saccrum articulates with pelvic girdle
he auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the pelvic girdle via the sacro-iliac joint.
Transverse lines in sacrrum mark what
This fusion occurs from
puberty and is usually complete in a person’s late 20s. Once complete, transverse lines mark the
former boundary of individual vertebrae
how to identify
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
in bone histo
Osteoclasts - found as clumps in cartiliage (dark blue)
Osteoblasts (found along edges of bone)
Osteocytes (White with dot in middle)
