Nervous System I Flashcards
I. Nerve Tissue (parts)
A. Cell types
B. Neuronal Morphology
C. Glial Properties
Nervous Systems I
I. Nerve Tissue
II. Nervous System Organization
I. Nerve Tissue
A. Cell Types
- Neurons: >10^11 (generate electrical signaling) in primates
- Glia: 2*10x to the number of primates
- provide insulation and nutrients
- affect neuronal signaling
Neurons
> 10^11
generate electrical signaling
in primates
Glia
2*10x the number of primates
- provide insulation & nutrients
- affect neuronal signaling
I. Nerve Tissue
B. Neuronal Morphology (parts)
- General Diagram
- synapse, axon, presynaptic terminal, nucleus soma, dendrites (receives input from synapses) - Structural Diversity
I. Nerve Tissue
C. Glial properties (parts)
- Pervasiveness
2. Glial Types
Glial Types:
-Astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, microglia, schwann cells, ependymal cells, ventricle glia
II. Nervous System Organization (parts)
A. Invertebrates B. Vertebrates C. Functional Hierarchy D. Brain Structure E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hierarchy
II. Nervous System Organization
A. Invertebrates
Figure 38.2 Nervous System Organization
II. Nervous System Organization
B. Vertebrates (parts)
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain & spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System and projection nerves (cranial, spinal)
Figure 38.4 the vertebrate nervous system
II. Nervous System Organization
C. Functional Hierarchy
(overview of information processing)
Figure 37.4 Summary of Information Processing
II. Nervous System Organization
D. Brain Structure
-white matter: axons wrapped in myelin (white)
-gray matter: cell bodies & synapses (connections), & dendrites
➡️sites for information processing
Figure: Brain structure- ventricle, gray matter, & white matter
white matter
axons wrapped in myelin (white)
gray matter
cell bodies & synapses (connections), & dendrites
-> sites for information processing
II. Nervous System Organization
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hierarchy (parts)
- Input: sensory
- Output: motor
- Autonomic Nervous Systems
II. Nervous System Organization
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hierarchy
1. Input: Sensory
-afferent neurons
bring sensory information to CNS
II. Nervous System Organization
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hierarchy
2. Output: Motor
-efferent neurons; deliver output to effectors
afferent vs efferent neurons
afferent - bring sensory info to CNS
efferent - deliver output to effectors
II. Nervous System Organization
E. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Hierarchy
3. Autonomic “involuntary” output (definition & parts)
- controls internal organs
a) parasympathetic
b) sympathetic
c) enteric
Figure 38.5 Functional Hierarchy of the Vertebrate Peripheral Nervous System
Figure Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous
sympathetic
often opposes parasympathetic,
i.e. speeds up vs slows down heart rate
enteric
(“internal”)
neurons in digestive tract - digestive etc food