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Massage Therapy Spring Semester > Nervous System Exam > Flashcards

Nervous System Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What constitues the CNS?

A

brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

peripheral nerves, sense organs, neurotransmitters

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3
Q

What are the receiving branches of neurons called?

A

dendrites

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4
Q

What is the large central portion of the neuron called?

A

soma

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5
Q

What is the tail of the neuron called?

A

axon

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6
Q

What is the fatty sheath surrounding the tail called?

A

myelin sheath

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7
Q

What are the ends of the neuron called?

A

synaptic bulb

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8
Q

What are the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

A

astrocyte, ependemocyte, oligodentrocyte, microglia

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9
Q

What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells

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10
Q

What are the two terms that describe nerve impulses directionally toward the brain?

A

efferent, sensory

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11
Q

What are the two terms that describe nerve impulses directionally away from the brain?

A

efferent, motor

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12
Q

What is the largest part of the brain called?

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

What are some functions of the cerebrum?

A

somatosensory information, motor responses, cognition, memory, language, intelligence, emotions, vision, smell, taste, hearing

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14
Q

What is the area of the brain most responsible for balance (against gravity) and fine motor control?

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

What part of the brain associates with vital life processes?

A

brainstem

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16
Q

What are the three divisions of the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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17
Q

What are the two portions of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus & hypothalamus

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18
Q

What are the functions of the thalamus?

A

relay sensory information, regulate consciousness, sleep, and alertness

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19
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

regulate ANS, hunger, thirst, anger, hormones, sexual behavior, body temperature, sleep patterns

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20
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

brainstem

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21
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

lower back, around L2

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22
Q

How many segments make up the spinal cord?

A

31

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23
Q

How are the segments of the spinal cord defined?

A

where nerve bundles exit the spinal cord

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24
Q

How many spinal cord segments are cervical?

A

8

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25
Q

How many spinal cord segments are thoracic?

A

12

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26
Q

How many spinal cord segments are lumbar?

A

5

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27
Q

How many spinal cord segments are sacral?

A

5

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28
Q

How many spinal cord segments are coccygeal?

A

1

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29
Q

What is the continuation of nerve bundle extending beyond the end of the spinal cord called?

A

cauda equina

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30
Q

What is the general function of the spinal cord?

A

information highway

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31
Q

Translate the following:

olfaction

A

smell

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32
Q

Translate the following:

optic

A

sight

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33
Q

Translate the following:

oculomotor

34
Q

Translate the following:

trochlea

35
Q

Translate the following:

trigeminal

36
Q

Translate the following:

abduction

A

taking away

37
Q

Translate the following:

expression

A

nonverbal facial movements

38
Q

Translate the following:

auditory

39
Q

Translate the following:

glossus

40
Q

Translate the following:

pharyngeal

41
Q

Translate the following:

vagrant

42
Q

Translate the following:

accesory

A

aiding, assisting

43
Q

What is cranial nerve I and what is its function?

A

olfactory
detect smell

44
Q

What is cranial nerve II and what is its function?

A

optic
detect visual information

45
Q

What is cranial nerve III and what is its function?

A

oculomotor
moves eyeballs, constricts pupils, maintains open eyelids

46
Q

What is cranial nerve IV and what is its function?

A

trochlear
moves eyeballs

47
Q

What is cranial nerve V and its branches?

A

trigeminal
opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

48
Q

What is the function of the opthalmic branch of CNV?

A

innervate areas around nose, eyes, and forehead

49
Q

What is the function of the maxillary branch of CNV?

A

innervate areas around upper lip and cheeks

50
Q

What is the function of the mandibular branch of CNV?

A

innervate sides of tongue, lower lip, areas near cheek, ear, and jaw

51
Q

What is cranial nerve VI and what is its function?

A

abducens
move eyeballs

52
Q

What is cranial nerve VII and what is its function?

A

facial
control muscles of facial expression, detect taste, produce saliva and tears

53
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII and what is its function?

A

vestibulocochlear
detect hearing and balance/equilibrium from inner ear

54
Q

What is cranial nerve IX and what is its function?

A

glossopharyngeal
detect taste, produce saliva, control swallowing

55
Q

What is cranial nerve X and what is its function?

A

vagus
connection between brain and GI tract, regulate HR, respiration rate, blood pressue, sweating, and keeps laryx open for breathing

56
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

CNX: vagus nerve

57
Q

What is cranial nerve XI and what is its function?

A

accessory
innervate neck and shoulder muscles

58
Q

What is cranial nerve XII and what is its function?

A

hypoglossal
moves tongue for speech, chewing, and swallowing

59
Q

How are the spinal nerves numbered?

A

order in which they emerge from the spine

60
Q

What is the nerve grouping of the upper neck called and where is it located?

A

cervical plexus
C1-C5

61
Q

What is the nerve grouping of the lower neck called and where is it located?

A

brachial plexus
C5-T1

62
Q

What is the large nerve grouping of the lower back called and where is it located?

A

lumbosacral plexus
T12-S4

63
Q

What is the most important nerve of the upper limb?

64
Q

What is the most important nerve of the lower limb?

65
Q

What is the body’s largest nerve?

66
Q

What muscle group does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

hamstrings

67
Q

Which part of the ANS is coined “fight or flight”?

A

sympathetic

68
Q

Which part of the ANS has a chain of ganglia?

A

sympathetic

69
Q

Which part of the ANS is coined “wine and dine, rest and digest, feed and breed”?

A

parasympathetic

70
Q

Which part of the ANS does the vagus nerve control?

A

parasympathetic

71
Q

What is the outer layer of the meninges called?

A

dura mater

72
Q

What is the middle layer of the meninges called?

A

arachnoid mater

73
Q

What is the inner layer of the meninges called?

74
Q

What is the watery substance that bathes the brain and spinal cord?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

75
Q

Which layer of the meninges can you find CSF?

A

subarachnoid space (between pia mater and arachnoid mater)

76
Q

CNS

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A

achnor neurons to capillaries
exchange nutrients
stimulate immune responses
form blood-brain barrier

77
Q

What is the largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS?

A

astrocytes

78
Q

CNS

What are the functions of ependymocytes?

A

line ventricles in CNS and help circulate CSF

79
Q

CNS

What is the function of microglia?

A

montinor neuron health
destory and remove harmful microorganisms and cellular debris

80
Q

CNS

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

produce myelin sheath in CNS

81
Q

PNS

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A

produce myelin sheath in PNS

82
Q

PNS

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

involved in inflammation process and helps repair PNS following injury

Massage Therapy Spring Semester (12 decks)

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