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Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System: CNS > Flashcards

Nervous System: CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Function of CNS

A
  • Regulator of body

- Integrate & make decisions

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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A
  • Skin
  • Muscle
  • Bone
  • Meninges
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3
Q

Outer covering: Bone

A
  • Cranial bone: encase brain

- Vertebrae: Encase spinal cord

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4
Q

Inner covering: Meninges

A
  • 3 layers of connective tissue covering brain & spinal cord
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5
Q

Dura Mater

A

Superficial layer; strong, white fibrous tissue

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6
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Spiderweb-like layer

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7
Q

Pia Mater

A

Transparent layer; sticks to outer surfaces of brain & SC; contains blood vessels

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8
Q

Subdural Space

A

Space between dura mater and arachnoid mater, contains lubricating serous fluid

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9
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains CSF

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10
Q

Epidural Space

A

Space between dura mater of spinal cord & vertebrae, contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissue. Not present in brain.

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11
Q

Extensions of Dura Mater

A
  • Dural Sinuses (function as veins)
  • Falx Cerebri (separate 2 cerebral hemispheres)
  • Falx Cerebelli (separates 2 cerebellar hemispheres)
  • Tentorium Cerebelli (separates cerebellum from cerebrum)
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12
Q

Extensions of Pia Mater (help to anchor SC)

A
  • Filum Terminale

- Dentate Ligament

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13
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF): Where is it formed?

A

Choroid Plexus (ChP)

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14
Q

CSF: Function

A
  • Supportive & protective cushion

- Detects changes in internal enviro. (pH & CO2)

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15
Q

CSF: Location

A
  • Brain: subarachnoid space

- SC: Vertebrae (?)

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16
Q

Circulation of CSF

A

ChP - lateral ventricles through interventricular foramen - 3rd ventricle, through cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle and splits into (1) central canal of SC (2) subarachnoid space - absorbed through arachnoid villi into vernous blood

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17
Q

SC: Conus Medullaris

A

Lower end of spinal cord

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18
Q

SC: Cauda Equina

A

Nerve roots extending from conus medullaris

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19
Q

SC: Filum Terminale

A

Pia mater anchoring end of SC to coccyx

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20
Q

Cervical Enlargement

A

Neurons of upper limb

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21
Q

Lumbar Enlargement

A

Neurons of lower limbs

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22
Q

SC: General Structure

A
  • Interneourons
  • Motor Neurons
  • Sensory Neurons
  • Spinal Nerve
  • Dorsal Root
  • Ventral root
  • Dorsal Root Ganglion
  • Anterior Median Fissure
  • Posterior Medial Sulcus
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23
Q

Interneurons

A

Located in gray matter of SC; processing function

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24
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Project to periphery

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25
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Collect info. from periphery & send it to CNS

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26
Q

Spinal Nerve

A

Mixed nerve formed from dorsal & ventral roots

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27
Q

Dorsal Root

A

Contains axons of sensory nerves

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28
Q

Ventral Root

A

Contains axons of motor neurons

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29
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons only

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30
Q

Anterior Median Fissure

A

Deepest groove of SC

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31
Q

Posterior Median Sulcus

A

Deep (not deepest) groove of SC

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32
Q

Sensory is the same as?

A

Afferent

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33
Q

Motor is the same as?

A

Efferent

34
Q

Doral is the same as?

A

Afferent

35
Q

Ventral is the same as?

A

Efferent

36
Q

Internal Structure of SC

A
  • Gray Matter
  • Ventral Horns
  • Dorsal Horns
  • Lateral Horns
  • Gray Commissure
  • Central Canal
  • White Matter
37
Q

Gray Matter

A

Extends length of SC; comtains cell bodies of interneurons & motor neurons

38
Q

Ventral Horns

A

Contains interneurons, cell bodies of motor neurons, and projections from CNS

39
Q

Dorsal Horns

A

Contains interneurons, site of terminations of sensory neurons, and projections to CNS

40
Q

Lateral Horns

A

Contains cell bodies to autonomic efferent neurons

41
Q

Gray Commissure

A

Carries CSF through SC

42
Q

Central Canal

A

Contains CSF

43
Q

White Matter

A

Surrounds gray matter, contains lg. bundles of axons divided into tracts

44
Q

Gray Matter: Location

A

Outer (cortex) portion of brain, inner portion of SC

45
Q

Gray Matter: Function

A

Makes connections at local level

46
Q

Gray Matter: Structure

A

Contains cell bodies, interneurons, and synapses

47
Q

White Matter: Location

A

Inner portion of brain, outer portion of SC

48
Q

White Matter: Function

A

Connects CNS & PNS via conduction routes to/from brain

49
Q

White Matter: Structure

A

Contains bundles of myelinated axons of neurons which form tracts

50
Q

White Matter: Tracts

A
  • Ascending (sensory) tracts: conduct impulses up SC to brain
  • Descending (motor) tracts: conduct impulses down SC from brain
51
Q

Brain: Major Divisions

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
  • Diencephalon
52
Q

Brainstem

A

Consists of: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

53
Q

Diencephalon

A

Consists of: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

54
Q

Cerebrum & Cerebral Cortex

A
  • Consists of rt/lt hemisphere divided by falx cerebrix

- Hemispheres are divided into 5 lobes

55
Q

Cerebrum & Cerebral Cortex: Function

A

Integrates sensory functions, controls voluntary muscle movement, memory/language/prob. solv.

56
Q

Cerebral Cortex: What is it made of?

A

6 layers of gray matter containing cell bodies, interneurons, & synapses

57
Q

Cerebral Cortex: External Features

A
  • Gyrus: convoluted ridge
  • Sulcus & Fissures
    (1) Longitudinal fissure: deepest fissure; divides cerebrum into 2 hemis
    (2) Lateral fissure: bw. temporal & parietal lobes
    (3) Central sulcus: bw. frontal & parietal lobes
    (4) Perietoccipital sulcus: bw. occipital & peratal lobes
58
Q

Cerebral Tracts

A
  • Association Tracts
  • Commissural Tracts
  • Projection Tracts
  • Connectome
59
Q

Association Tracts

A

Extend from one convolution to another in the same hemisphere=

60
Q

Commissural Tracts

A

Extend from one convolution to a corresponding convolution in the other hemisphere

61
Q

Projection Tracts

A

Sensory and motor tracts that connect the brain to other parts of the nervous system

62
Q

Connectome

A

Entire network of neural connections in the brain

63
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Function

A
  • Responds & evaluate sensory info.
  • Control voluntary muscle movement
  • Lang/Emotion/Mem
64
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Purpose

A

Receive info. from periphery for processing & output

65
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Primary Sensory Neurons

A

Transmit info. to SC/brainstem

66
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Secondary Sensory Neurons

A

Transmit info. from SC/brainstem to thalamus

67
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Tertiary Sensory Neurons

A

Transmits info. from thalamus to gyrus of parietal lobe

68
Q

Diencephalon: Location

A

Bw. cerebrum & midbrain, around 3rd ventircle

69
Q

Diencephalon: Components

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

70
Q

Thalamus: Location

A

Dumbbell shaped mass of gray matter composed of neuclei, surrounding 3rd vent.

71
Q

Thalamus: Function

A
  • Relay stations of sensory impulses on way to cerebral cortex
  • Emotions/arousal/reflex movements
72
Q

Hypothalamus: Location

A
  • Under thalamus
73
Q

Hypothalamus: Function

A
  • Links mind and body
  • Important for enjoyment
  • Links NS & Endo Syst
74
Q

Pineal Gland: Location

A

Above midbrain

75
Q

Pineal Gland: Function

A
  • Regulates bio. clock

- Produces melatonin

76
Q

Brainstem: Structure

A

White matter & reticular formation

- Made of up med. oblo, pons, midbrain

77
Q

Brainstem: Function

A

Sensory/reflex/motor functions

78
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Attaches SC above forament megnum

- Functions: autonomic reflexes; cardiac, vasomotor, resp., vomit, cough, sneeze

79
Q

Pons

A
  • Located above medulla/below midbrain

- Function: cranial nerve reflexes

80
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Located above pons/below cerebrum

- Function: communication bw. midbrain & cerebrum, auditory & visual centers

81
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Under & behind cerebrum

- Produces movement

82
Q

Reticular Activating System (RAS) & Consciousness

A
  • Arousal system of cerebral cortex

Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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