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Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System: CNS > Flashcards

Nervous System: CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Function of CNS

A
  • Regulator of body

- Integrate & make decisions

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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A
  • Skin
  • Muscle
  • Bone
  • Meninges
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3
Q

Outer covering: Bone

A
  • Cranial bone: encase brain

- Vertebrae: Encase spinal cord

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4
Q

Inner covering: Meninges

A
  • 3 layers of connective tissue covering brain & spinal cord
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5
Q

Dura Mater

A

Superficial layer; strong, white fibrous tissue

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6
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Spiderweb-like layer

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7
Q

Pia Mater

A

Transparent layer; sticks to outer surfaces of brain & SC; contains blood vessels

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8
Q

Subdural Space

A

Space between dura mater and arachnoid mater, contains lubricating serous fluid

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9
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains CSF

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10
Q

Epidural Space

A

Space between dura mater of spinal cord & vertebrae, contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissue. Not present in brain.

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11
Q

Extensions of Dura Mater

A
  • Dural Sinuses (function as veins)
  • Falx Cerebri (separate 2 cerebral hemispheres)
  • Falx Cerebelli (separates 2 cerebellar hemispheres)
  • Tentorium Cerebelli (separates cerebellum from cerebrum)
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12
Q

Extensions of Pia Mater (help to anchor SC)

A
  • Filum Terminale

- Dentate Ligament

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13
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF): Where is it formed?

A

Choroid Plexus (ChP)

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14
Q

CSF: Function

A
  • Supportive & protective cushion

- Detects changes in internal enviro. (pH & CO2)

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15
Q

CSF: Location

A
  • Brain: subarachnoid space

- SC: Vertebrae (?)

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16
Q

Circulation of CSF

A

ChP - lateral ventricles through interventricular foramen - 3rd ventricle, through cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle and splits into (1) central canal of SC (2) subarachnoid space - absorbed through arachnoid villi into vernous blood

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17
Q

SC: Conus Medullaris

A

Lower end of spinal cord

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18
Q

SC: Cauda Equina

A

Nerve roots extending from conus medullaris

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19
Q

SC: Filum Terminale

A

Pia mater anchoring end of SC to coccyx

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20
Q

Cervical Enlargement

A

Neurons of upper limb

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21
Q

Lumbar Enlargement

A

Neurons of lower limbs

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22
Q

SC: General Structure

A
  • Interneourons
  • Motor Neurons
  • Sensory Neurons
  • Spinal Nerve
  • Dorsal Root
  • Ventral root
  • Dorsal Root Ganglion
  • Anterior Median Fissure
  • Posterior Medial Sulcus
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23
Q

Interneurons

A

Located in gray matter of SC; processing function

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24
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Project to periphery

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25
Sensory Neurons
Collect info. from periphery & send it to CNS
26
Spinal Nerve
Mixed nerve formed from dorsal & ventral roots
27
Dorsal Root
Contains axons of sensory nerves
28
Ventral Root
Contains axons of motor neurons
29
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons only
30
Anterior Median Fissure
Deepest groove of SC
31
Posterior Median Sulcus
Deep (not deepest) groove of SC
32
Sensory is the same as?
Afferent
33
Motor is the same as?
Efferent
34
Doral is the same as?
Afferent
35
Ventral is the same as?
Efferent
36
Internal Structure of SC
- Gray Matter - Ventral Horns - Dorsal Horns - Lateral Horns - Gray Commissure - Central Canal - White Matter
37
Gray Matter
Extends length of SC; comtains cell bodies of interneurons & motor neurons
38
Ventral Horns
Contains interneurons, cell bodies of motor neurons, and projections from CNS
39
Dorsal Horns
Contains interneurons, site of terminations of sensory neurons, and projections to CNS
40
Lateral Horns
Contains cell bodies to autonomic efferent neurons
41
Gray Commissure
Carries CSF through SC
42
Central Canal
Contains CSF
43
White Matter
Surrounds gray matter, contains lg. bundles of axons divided into tracts
44
Gray Matter: Location
Outer (cortex) portion of brain, inner portion of SC
45
Gray Matter: Function
Makes connections at local level
46
Gray Matter: Structure
Contains cell bodies, interneurons, and synapses
47
White Matter: Location
Inner portion of brain, outer portion of SC
48
White Matter: Function
Connects CNS & PNS via conduction routes to/from brain
49
White Matter: Structure
Contains bundles of myelinated axons of neurons which form tracts
50
White Matter: Tracts
- Ascending (sensory) tracts: conduct impulses up SC to brain - Descending (motor) tracts: conduct impulses down SC from brain
51
Brain: Major Divisions
- Cerebrum - Cerebellum - Brainstem - Diencephalon
52
Brainstem
Consists of: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
53
Diencephalon
Consists of: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
54
Cerebrum & Cerebral Cortex
- Consists of rt/lt hemisphere divided by falx cerebrix | - Hemispheres are divided into 5 lobes
55
Cerebrum & Cerebral Cortex: Function
Integrates sensory functions, controls voluntary muscle movement, memory/language/prob. solv.
56
Cerebral Cortex: What is it made of?
6 layers of gray matter containing cell bodies, interneurons, & synapses
57
Cerebral Cortex: External Features
- Gyrus: convoluted ridge - Sulcus & Fissures (1) Longitudinal fissure: deepest fissure; divides cerebrum into 2 hemis (2) Lateral fissure: bw. temporal & parietal lobes (3) Central sulcus: bw. frontal & parietal lobes (4) Perietoccipital sulcus: bw. occipital & peratal lobes
58
Cerebral Tracts
- Association Tracts - Commissural Tracts - Projection Tracts - Connectome
59
Association Tracts
Extend from one convolution to another in the same hemisphere=
60
Commissural Tracts
Extend from one convolution to a corresponding convolution in the other hemisphere
61
Projection Tracts
Sensory and motor tracts that connect the brain to other parts of the nervous system
62
Connectome
Entire network of neural connections in the brain
63
Cerebral Cortex: Function
- Responds & evaluate sensory info. - Control voluntary muscle movement - Lang/Emotion/Mem
64
Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Purpose
Receive info. from periphery for processing & output
65
Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Primary Sensory Neurons
Transmit info. to SC/brainstem
66
Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Secondary Sensory Neurons
Transmit info. from SC/brainstem to thalamus
67
Somatic Sensory Pathways in CNS: Tertiary Sensory Neurons
Transmits info. from thalamus to gyrus of parietal lobe
68
Diencephalon: Location
Bw. cerebrum & midbrain, around 3rd ventircle
69
Diencephalon: Components
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
70
Thalamus: Location
Dumbbell shaped mass of gray matter composed of neuclei, surrounding 3rd vent.
71
Thalamus: Function
- Relay stations of sensory impulses on way to cerebral cortex - Emotions/arousal/reflex movements
72
Hypothalamus: Location
- Under thalamus
73
Hypothalamus: Function
- Links mind and body - Important for enjoyment - Links NS & Endo Syst
74
Pineal Gland: Location
Above midbrain
75
Pineal Gland: Function
- Regulates bio. clock | - Produces melatonin
76
Brainstem: Structure
White matter & reticular formation | - Made of up med. oblo, pons, midbrain
77
Brainstem: Function
Sensory/reflex/motor functions
78
Medulla Oblongata
- Attaches SC above forament megnum | - Functions: autonomic reflexes; cardiac, vasomotor, resp., vomit, cough, sneeze
79
Pons
- Located above medulla/below midbrain | - Function: cranial nerve reflexes
80
Midbrain
- Located above pons/below cerebrum | - Function: communication bw. midbrain & cerebrum, auditory & visual centers
81
Cerebellum
- Under & behind cerebrum | - Produces movement
82
Reticular Activating System (RAS) & Consciousness
- Arousal system of cerebral cortex

Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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