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Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology > Cardiovascular (The Heart) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular (The Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

The Heart: Layers

A
  • Pericardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
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2
Q

Pericardium

A
  • Fibrous Pericardium: tough, loose-fitting sac
  • Serous pericardium: Parietal layer inside fibrous pericardium
  • Pericardial space: bw. visceral and parietal layers - provides protection against friction
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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick, contractile middle layer; compressed heart cavities and blood

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Delicate inner layer of endothelial tissue; protects myocardium from contact with blood

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5
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

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6
Q

Atria (Atrium)

A

Not very thick; little pressure needed to move blood short distances

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7
Q

Auricle

A

Earlike flap protruding from each atrium increasing volume of blood that the atria can contain

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8
Q

Ventricles

A

Thicker; great force needed to pump blood further

Left ventricle wall thicker than right; pushes blood farther

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9
Q

Flow of Blood Through the Heart

A

LA - LV - systemic circ - RA - RV - pulmonary circ.

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10
Q

Atria: Blood Flow

A

“Receiving chambers”, receive blood from veins

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11
Q

Ventricles: Blood Flow

A

“pumping chambers”, push blood into large network of vessels

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12
Q

Valves of the Heart

A
  • Open: when pressure in the first compartment is higher than that of the second
    Close: when pressure in the second compartment is higher than that of the first; prevent blood from moving backwards
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13
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Valve: Location

A

bw. atria and ventricles

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14
Q

Semilunar (SV) Valves: Location

A

bw. ventricles and great vessels

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15
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A
  • Tricuspid Valve (Right AV valve)

- Bicuspid (mitral) valve

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16
Q

Semilunar (SL) Valves

A
  • Aortic Valve

- Pulmonary Valve

17
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Bw. RA and RV

18
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

bw. LA and LV

19
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Entrance to aorta

20
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

Entrance to pulmonary artery

21
Q

Cardiac Muscles: Name them.

A
  • Trabeculae Carneae
  • Chordae Tendinae
  • Papillary Muscle
22
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A
  • Beamlike projections of myocardial tissue

- Help add force to inward contraction of the heart

23
Q

Choarae Tendinae

A
  • Tendinous cord which anchors papillary muscles to cusps of AV valves
  • Hold AV valves shut
24
Q

Papillary Muscle

A
  • Muscles attached to cusps of AV vales
  • Located in both ventricles
  • When ventricles contract, pap. muscles also contract, pulling cusps together; stops backflow of blood into atria
25
Q

Conduction System of Heart

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

AV bundle

Purkinje Fibers

26
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A
  • Initiates heartbeat; sets pace
27
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A
  • Action potential comes form right atrium and relayed into AV bundle into ventricles
28
Q

AV bundle & purkinje fibers

A

conduct impulses throughout muscles of both ventricles, stimulating them to contract

29
Q

ECG

A

Record of hearts electrical activity

30
Q

Events shown by an ECG

A

P Wave: depolarization of atria

QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles and repolarization of atria

T wave: repolarization of ventricles

31
Q

Cardiac Cycle: consists of what?

A

Contraction (systole), relaxation (diastole)

32
Q

Atrial Contraction (systole)

A

Starts: when atria contracts
Ends: Ventricles contract

  • Atria are contracting
  • Ventricular pressure increases
  • AV valves open when pressure becomes greater
  • SL valves remain closed
  • Blood moves from atria to relaxed ventricles
33
Q

Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction (systole)

A

Starts: ventricles contract
Ends: Ventricular pressure higher than aortic pressure

  • Volume remains constant, pressure increases rapidly
  • Atria relaxes
  • AV valves close
  • SL valves remain closed
  • First heart sound due to AV valves closing

Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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