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Physiology > Nervous System: Brain > Flashcards

Nervous System: Brain Flashcards

1
Q

corpus callosum

A

pathway for communication between the two hemispheres

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2
Q

basal nuclei (ganglia)

A

for cognitive processing and associated with planning movements

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3
Q

basal forebrain

A

contains nuclei that are important in learning and memory.

Primary location for acetylcholine production

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4
Q

limbic system

A

involved in emotion, memory, and behavior

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5
Q

Parts of the Frontal Lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex
Premotor Cortex
Broca’s Area

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6
Q

primary motor cortex

A

(Frontal Lobe) control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements

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7
Q

premotor cortex

A

(Frontal Lobe) controls motor skills and the planning of movement (simultaneous or sequential). Problem solving

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8
Q

Broca’s area

A

(Frontal Lobe) speech production

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9
Q

Parietal lobe, and what cortex

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex
touch perception
receives sensory information from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.
spatial discrimination (identification of body being stimulated)

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10
Q

Parts of the Occipital Lobe

A

primary visual (striate) cortex and visual association area

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11
Q

primary visual cortex

A

(Occipital Lobe) receives information from retinas

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12
Q

visual association area

A

(Occipital lobe) surrounds primary visual cortex; uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli

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13
Q

Parts of the Temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex, posterior association area/Wernicke’s Area

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14
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

(superior margin of Temporal lobe) interprets information from inner ear

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15
Q

auditory association area

A

(Temporal lobe: posterior to the primary auditory cortex) stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds

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16
Q

olfactory cortex

A

(Temporal lobe) conscious awareness of different odors (smell)

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17
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

(Temporal lobe) language comprehension and development

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18
Q

insula

A

perception of taste

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19
Q

visceral sensory area

A

Conscious perception of visceral sensations, such as upset stomach or full bladder

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20
Q

vestibular cortex

A

responsible for conscious awareness of balance

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21
Q

anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)

A

involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

working memory for judgement, reasoning, persistence and conscience

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22
Q

posterior association area

A

Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space
Involved in understanding written and spoken language (Wernicke’s area)

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23
Q

limbic association area

A

provides emotional impact that helps establish memories

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24
Q

Brodmann’s areas 17 and 18

A

Occipital lobe - primary visual perception

25
Q

Brodmann’s areas 41 and 42

A

Temporal lobe - primary auditory sensation

26
Q

Brodmann’s areas 1, 2, and 3

A

primary somatosensory cortex; Proprioception and kinesthesia

27
Q

Broca’s area

A

speech production, or controlling movements responsible for speech (left side)

28
Q

prefrontal lobe

A

personality, short-term memory, and consciousness

29
Q

define memory and name the stages of storage

A

storage and retrieval of information

Short term memory and Long term memory

30
Q

short-term memory

A

temporary memory storage, limited to 7-8 pieces of information

31
Q

long-term memory

A

the relatively permanent storage of information, limitless capacity

32
Q

factors to transfer short term to long term memory

A

Emotional state- alert, motivated, surprise, and aroused
Rehearsal- repetition and practice
Association-tying new info with old memories
Automatic memory- subconscious info stored in LTM

33
Q

Hippocampus

A

involved in long term memory formation and emotional response

34
Q

Amygdala

A

involved in long term memory and emotional response (recognizing fearful expressions, assess danger, elicits fear response)

35
Q

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

A

control movement

36
Q

Striatum

A

caudate and putamen

37
Q

parts of diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

38
Q

Thalamus

A

“brain’s controlling center” relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

39
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates homeostasis, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland

40
Q

Epithalamus

A

contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin (helps body know when its time to sleep and wake up)

41
Q

Parts of the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

42
Q

midbrain (mesencephalon)

A

coordinates sensory representation of visual, auditory, and somatosensory

43
Q

Pons

A

helps regulate respiration/breathing

44
Q

medulla oblongata

A

regulates cardiovascular and respiratory systems (ex. heartbeat,blood pressure), related to sleep and wakefulness, general brain activity and attention

45
Q

Cerebellum

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

46
Q

cognitive function

A

recognizes and predicts sequences of events during complex movement. word association and puzzle solving

47
Q

motor function

A

control coarse limb movements

48
Q

limbic system

A

emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell

49
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

plays role in expressing emotions via gestures and resolves mental conflict

50
Q

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A

send impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert

51
Q

Reticular autonomic centers

A

Regulate visceral motor functions (vasomotor, cardiac, and respiratory centers)

52
Q

Example: When you prick your finger and you say “ouch”. What lobe/cortex?

A

Parietal Lobe-primary somatosensory cortex

53
Q

Example: When you taste something sweet, it will go to the ___ for interpretation

A

Insula

54
Q

Example: I was shown an iPhone, I know it’s an iPhone because I’ve seen it before. What lobe and area?

A

Occipital Lobe-Visual Association area

55
Q

Example: You hear a dog barking, you know it’s a dog because you heard it before. What lobe and area?

A

Temporal lobe-auditory association area

56
Q

Example: A person who has a stroke can’t understand written and spoken language. What area was damaged?

A

Wernicke’s Area

57
Q

Example: A person who has a stroke can’t speak. What area is damaged?

A

Broca’s Area

58
Q

Example: Alzheimer’s Disease

A

if neurons are lost in the subcortical nuclei (Basal Forebrain)

59
Q

Example: I touch hot water->Spinal Cord-> ___ to direct which lobe to go to

A

Thalamus

Physiology (8 decks)

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