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Physiology > final exam hw questions > Flashcards

final exam hw questions Flashcards

1
Q

Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction.

  • Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
  • Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
A

-Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

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2
Q

The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs.

  • Wave summation
  • Maximal stimulus
  • Multiple motor unit summation
  • Muscle tone
  • Tetanus
A

-Wave summation

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3
Q

The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments. (Wrong spelling, wrong answer)

A

Myosin

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4
Q

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptors.

  • all are correct
  • relaxation
  • refractory
  • latent
  • contraction
A

-latent

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5
Q

What are the components of the blood?

  • plasma only
  • both plasma and formed elements
  • formed elements
  • formed elements only
  • plasma
A

-both plasma and formed elements

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6
Q

If a person is suspected in having a malarial infection, which of the following will be elevated?

  • basophils
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • RBCs
A

-eosinophils

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7
Q

A person was diagnosed with thrombocytopenia due to the new medication that was prescribed. Which of the following would you watch out for on this individual?

  • increased risk of infection
  • excessive clotting
  • excessive bleeding
  • decreased risk of infection
  • increased risk of stroke and/or heart attack.
A

-excessive bleeding

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8
Q 
Which of the following blood type is considered a universal recipient?
AB-
O-
A+
O+
B+
AB+
A

AB+

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9
Q

What is the blood type of this individual whose result is shown by the figure?

A

A+

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10
Q 
Which of the following best give you the equation for cardiac output?
CO = HR - SV
CO = HR/SV
CO = HR X SV
CO = HR + SV
A

CO = HR X SV

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11
Q 
Which of the following best give you the equation for stroke volume?
SV = EDV/ESV
SV = EDV + ESV
SV = ESV - EDV
SV = EDV - ESV
SV = ESV - EDV
A

SV = EDV - ESV

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12
Q 
Which of the following type of agents will lead to increase in heart rate?
Positive chronotropic agents
Positive inotropic agents
Negative chronotropic agents
Negative inotropic agents
A

Positive chronotropic agents

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13
Q 
Which of the following wave represents atrial depolarization?
S wave
P wave
Q wave
QRS complex
R wave
T wave
A

P wave

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14
Q 
What are the factors that affect the stroke volume?
Contractility
Heart Rate
Preload
Cardiac Output
Afterload
A

ContractilityPreloadAfterload

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15
Q

What are the sources of resistance to blood flow?
vessel diameter only
vessel length and diameter only
vesel length, diameter and blood viscosity
vessel length only
viscosity only

A

vesel length, diameter and blood viscosity

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16
Q 
The pressure that propels the blood to the tissues is expressed in which of the following equations?
MAP = PP + 1/3 DP
MAP = DP + 1/3 PP
MAP = SP + 1/3 PP
PP = SP - DP
MAP = PP + 1/3 SP
A

MAP = DP + 1/3 PP

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17
Q

Which of the following hormones are involved in short term mechanism control of the blood pressure. (Select all that apply)

  • Renin
  • Anti-Diuretic Hormone
  • DNP
  • Vasopressin
  • Angiotensinogen
  • ANP
A

Renin,Anti-Diuretic Hormone, Vasopressin, ANP

18
Q

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries. T/F

A

T

19
Q

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node. T/F

A

F

20
Q 
The thymus is most active during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
middle age
old age
fetal development
childhood
A

childhood

21
Q 
Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
medullary cords
lymph nodes
T lymphocytes
plasma cells
A

plasma cells

22
Q 
Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?
macrophages
monocytes
lymphocytes
basophils
A

lymphocytes

23
Q

Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal. T/F

A

T

24
Q

During normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath. T/F

A

F

25
Q

The loudness of a person’s voice depends on the ________.

  • length of the vocal folds
  • thickness of vestibular folds
  • force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
  • strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
A

force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

26
Q 
Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.
Indigestion
Hydrolysis
Absorption
Digestion
Peristalsis
A

Absorption

27
Q 
Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle.
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
Secretin
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
A

Gastrin

28
Q

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells. T/F

A

F

29
Q

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

  • the rugae and haustra
  • Brunner’s glands and Peyer Patches
  • the vast array of digestive enzymes
  • plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
A

plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

30
Q 
Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?
parietal cells
zymogenic cells
enteroendocrine cells
mucous neck cells
A

enteroendocrine cells

31
Q 
Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.
Afferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries
Glomerular capillaries
Vasa recta
A

Glomerular capillaries

32
Q

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically. T/F

A

T

33
Q

If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine. T/F

A

F

34
Q

Which of the choices below isnota function of the urinary system?

  • helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of blood
  • eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
  • maintains blood osmolarity
  • regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones
A

eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat

35
Q

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

  • The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.
  • The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.
  • The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.
A

-The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

36
Q 
Spaces between cells.
Intracellular
Nonelectrolytes
Electrolytes
Extracellular
Interstitial
A

Interstitial

37
Q 
Possibly occurring with emphysema, extreme obesity, or narcotic overdose
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
A

Respiratory acidosis

38
Q

Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between compartments because water carries them along the osmotic gradients. T/F

A

F

39
Q

Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can present a serious clinical problem when aldosterone release is notnormal. T/F

A

T

40
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.

  • activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
  • prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
  • reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
  • enhance atrial contractions
A

-reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention

Physiology (8 decks)

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