Nervous system basics Flashcards
Failure of what process results in I-cell disease
- lysosomal storage disorder
- Failure of addition of a mannose-6-phosphate marker to lysosome enzymes
Bilateral Acoustic neuromas or schwannomas are found in what disorder
NF2
what CNS cell has “fried egg appearance”. Large clear cytoplasm
Oligodendrocytes
Rough ER in neurons is called what?
Where is it?
- Nissle bodies
- Only in dendrites, NOT axons
What happens when microglia get infected with HIV
fuse to form multinucleated giant cells
Most CNS cell are neuroectoderm. Which cell is mesoderm?
microglia
What CNS cell is involved in reactive gliosis
Astrocyte
What are the 4 major dopaminergic pathways?
- Mesocortical
- Mesolimbic
- Nigrostriatal
- Tuberoinfundibular
Describe the major pathway of the mesocortical pathway?
Ventral tegmental of midbrain —> cortex
Describe the major pathway of the Mesolimbic pathway?
Ventral tegmental of midbrain –> limbic system
Describe the major pathway of the nictrostriatal pathway
Substantia nigra pars compacta —> neostriatum
Describe the major pathway of the Tuberoinfundibular pathway
arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus –> pituitary
What is the result of blocking the mesocortical pathway
increase in negative symptoms of schizophrenia
what is the result of blocking the mesolimbic pathway
RELIEVES positive symptoms of schizophrenia
what is the result of blocking the nigrostriatal pathway
Parkinsons
What is the result of blocking the tuberoinfundibular pathway
Increase release of prolactin from anterior pituitary
What disorder is thought to arise from reduced norepinephrine activity?
Increased?
- Depression
- Mania and anxiety
what is norepinephrine made
- locus ceruleus
- reticular formation
- Solitary tract
Serotonin in Anxiety?
Depression?
decreased in both
where is serotonin produced
Raphe nucleus
ACh in Alzheimer?
Huntington?
Parkinson?
- low
- low
- high
What disease is associated with the degeneration of the basal nucleus of Meynert and less CNS acetylcholine?
Alzheimer
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS
GABA
GABA is produced from what?
glutamate and vitamin B6
GABA in anxiety?
Huntington?
Decreased in both
GABA is produced where?
nucleus accumbens
main excitatory neurotransmitter of brain
Glutamate
main inhibitor neurotransmitter of spinal cord
Glycine
Name the aspects of the reticular activating system and what each one produces/mediates?
- Reticular formation: mediates alertness
- Locus ceruleus: produces norepinephrine
- Raphe nuclei: produce serotonin
What are the components of the Blood-brain barrier
- capillary endothelium
- Basement membrane
- Astrocyte foot process
