CNS embryology Flashcards
Which organelle becomes hypertrophied in hepatocytes with chronic phenobarbital use
Smooth ER
The forebrain (prosencephalon gives rise to what?
- Telencephalon —> cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon –> thalamus
The midbrain (mesencephalon gives rise to what?
-mesencephalon —> mid brain
The hindbrain (rhombencephalon) gives rise to what?
- metencephalon –> pons
- Myelencephalon –> medulla
On a Quad screen in pregnancy, what should be expected if you have elevated AFP
- Neural tube defects
- Anterior abdominal wall defect
On a Quad screen in pregnancy, what should be expected if you have Low AFP
Down syndrome
Describe a chiari malformation
herniation of cerebellar tonsils
-may cause syringomyelia
Describe a Dandy Walker syndrome
- Enlarged posterior fossa
- Cerebellar vermis fails to develop
- Dilation of 4th ventricle
Dandy Walker syndrome is associated with what?
- hydrocephalus
- Spina bifida
What are 3 causes of holoprosencephaly
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Sonic hedgehog mutation
- Trisomy 13 (patau)
Pharyngeal cleft is from what cell derivative?
Ectoderm . . . both C’s
pharyngeal Pouch is from what cell derivative?
Endoderm
Pharyngeal Arch is from what cell derivative?
Mesoderm . . Mesoderm bridges the gap b/t endo and ectoderm —-> and Arch bridges a gap
what comes from 1st pharyngeal CLEFT?
external auditory meatus
What do 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal CLEFTS give rise to
- temporary cervical sinuses
- could fail to obliterate —> pharyngeal cleft cyst on LATERAL neck
What does 1st Pharyngeal POUCH give rise to
- middle ear cavity
- Eustachian tubes
- Mastoid air cells
What does 2nd pharyngeal POUCH give rise to
Epithelial lining of tonsils
What does 3rd pharyngeal POUCH give rise to
- INFERIOR PARATHYROID glands
- thymus
What does 4th pharyngeal POUCH give rise to
SUPERIOR parathyroid
Cartilage for 1st pharyngeal Arch?
- M’s and T’s
- Meckel’s cartilage
- Mandible
- Mandibular ligament
- Malleus and incus
Treacher-collins syndrome is disorder of what
- Neural crest dysfunction –> mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
- 1st pharyngeal arch problem
Muscles for 1st pharyngeal arch?
- M’s and T’s
- Muscles of mastication: Masseter, Medial and lateral pterygoid, Temporalis
- Mylohyoid
- Tensor Tympani
- Tensor veli palitini
- anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Nerve for 1st pharyngeal arch
M’s and T’s
-Mandibular and Maxillary branches of Trigeminal N
Cartilage for 2nd pharyngeal Arch
“S”
- Stapes
- Styloid process
- Stylohyoid ligament
- lesser horn of the hyoid
