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Medical Terminology > Nervous System and Psychiatry > Flashcards

Nervous System and Psychiatry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum (little brain)

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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3
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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4
Q

encephal/o

A

entire brain

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5
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation

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6
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion (knot)

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7
Q

gli/o

A

glue

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8
Q

gnos/o

A

knowing

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9
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

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10
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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11
Q

mening/o

A

meninges (membrane)

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12
Q

lex/o

A

word or phrase

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13
Q

meningi/o

A

meninges (membrane)

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14
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord or bone marrow

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15
Q

narc/o

A

stupor or sleep

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16
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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17
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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18
Q

phob/o

A

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

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19
Q

phor/o

A

carry or bear

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20
Q

phren/o

A

mind

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21
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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22
Q

schiz/o

A

split

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23
Q

somat/o

A

body

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24
Q

somn/i

A

sleep

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25
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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26
Q

spin/o

A

spine (thron)

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27
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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28
Q

stere/o

A

three-dimensional or solid

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29
Q

tax/o

A

order or coordination

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30
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus (a room)

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31
Q

thym/o

A

mind

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32
Q

ton/o

A

tone or tension

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33
Q

top/o

A

place

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34
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (belly or pouch)

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35
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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36
Q

cata-

A

down

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37
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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38
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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39
Q

-mania

A

condition of abnormal impulse toward

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40
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

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41
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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42
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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43
Q

brain

A

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

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44
Q

cerebrum

A

largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge or nerve fibers called corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie

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45
Q

frontal lobe

A

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality

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46
Q

parietal lobe

A

portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch

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47
Q

temporal lobe

A

portion that lies below the frontal lobe, responsible for hearing, taste, and smell

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48
Q

occipital lobe

A

posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision

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49
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of grey matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex=bark)

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50
Q

thalamus

A

each of two masses of grey matter deep within the brain between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex

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51
Q

diencephalon

A

area deep within the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus and is the link between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem; responsible for directing sensory info to the cortex

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52
Q

gyri

A

convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres

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53
Q

solci

A

shallow groves that separate gyri

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54
Q

fissures

A

deep groves in the brain

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55
Q

cerebellum

A

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination for skeletal muscles

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56
Q

brainstem

A

region that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temp; 3 levels mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata

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57
Q

ventricles

A

series of interconnected cavities i=within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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58
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

plasma like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

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59
Q

spinal cord

A

column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body

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60
Q

meninges

A

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

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61
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves that branch from the central nervous system including the nerves of the brain and spinal cord

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62
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

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63
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

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64
Q

sensory nerves

A

nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves

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65
Q

motor nerves

A

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; ALSO CALLED EFFERENT NERVES

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66
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose tissue, and various glands

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67
Q

hypothalamus

A

control center for the autonomic nervous system located near the pituitary gland

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68
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

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69
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that is more active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

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70
Q

aphasia

A

impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs because of a stroke head trauma of disease

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71
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment in speech production and inability to arrange words in an understandable way

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72
Q

coma

A

levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale

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73
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

a neurologic scale used to access level of consciousness

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74
Q

delirium

A

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose (deliro=to go off the rails)

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75
Q

dementia

A

an impairment of intellectual function characterized my memory loss, disorientation, and confusion (dementio = to be mad)

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76
Q

motor deficit

A

loss or impairment of muscle function

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77
Q

sensory deficit

A

loss or impairment of sensation

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78
Q

neuralgia

A

pain along the course of a nerve

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79
Q

paralysis

A

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

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80
Q

flaccid paralysis

A

defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

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81
Q

spastic paralysis

A

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

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82
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

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83
Q

sciatica

A

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression od trauma of the nerve or its roots

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84
Q

seizure

A

sudden, transient disturbances in the brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses; may or may not be associated with convulsion

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85
Q

convulsion

A

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

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86
Q

syncope

A

fainting

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87
Q

tactile stimulation

A

evoking a response by touching

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88
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

89
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

90
Q

agnosia

A

any of many types of loss of neurological function involving interpretation of sensory information

91
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

92
Q

atopognosis

A

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body

93
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death

94
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

condition of progressive deteriation of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing to total paralysis and death; also called Lou Gehrig disease

95
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination (palsy=paralysis)

96
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

97
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries of the brain

98
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

condition of lipid build up within the blood vessels of the brain (ather/o=fatty(lipid) paste)

99
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm= dilation of widening)

100
Q

cerebral embolism

A

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus (blood clot, air bubble, or fat deposit in a blood vessel) transported through the circulation

101
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

102
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm; also called a stroke

103
Q

stroke

A

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm; also called a stroke

104
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA

105
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

106
Q

epilepsy

A

disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

107
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal (big bad) seizure

108
Q

absence seizure

A

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure

109
Q

partial seizure

A

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

110
Q

glioma

A

tumor of neuroglia (ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) graded according to degree of malignancy

111
Q

herniated disk

A

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the spinal nerve root

112
Q

herpes zoster

A

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles

113
Q

Huntington disease (HD)

A

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros=dance); also called Huntington chorea

114
Q

Huntington chorea

A

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros=dance); also called Huntington disease

115
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain because developmental problems, infection, injury, or tumor

116
Q

meningioma

A

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges)

117
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

118
Q

migraine headache

A

sudden, periodic attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries

119
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

120
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest

121
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

122
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations)

123
Q

neural tube defects

A

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord cause by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system

124
Q

anencephaly

A

defect in closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube that results in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull; the most drastic neural tube defect usually results in a stillbirth

125
Q

spina bifida

A

defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be the most common neural tube defect (spina = spine; bifida = split into two parts)

126
Q

Parkinson disease

A

condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substania nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (chemical neurotransmitter necessary for proper movement); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements (bradykinesia); usually occurs later in life

127
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

128
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

129
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down

130
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four limbs

131
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis (polio = gray)

132
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine

133
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

134
Q

electrodiagnostic procedures

A

diagnostic procedures used to evaluate the function of the nervous system by recording the electrical signals produced in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

135
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain measured as alpha, beta, delta, and theta waves; used to identify neurologic conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

136
Q

evoked potentials

A

record of minute electrical potentials (waves) that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disorders; also used to monitor the neurologic function of patients during surgery

137
Q

polysomnography

A

recording of various aspects of sleep (eye and muscle movements, respiration, and EEG patterns) to diagnose sleep disorders

138
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

introduction of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as to obtain CSF for testing; also called spinal tap

139
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures (especially soft tissue), such as the tissues of the brain and spinal cord

140
Q

magnetic resonance angiography

A

magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels to detect pathologic conditions, such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis

141
Q

intracranial MRA

A

magnetic resonance imaging of the head to visualize the vessels of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis), which is a common site of cerebral aneurysm, stenosis, or occlusion

142
Q

extracranial MRA

A

magnetic resonance image of the neck to visualize the carotid artery circulation

143
Q

nuclear medicine imaging

A

radionuclide organ imaging

144
Q

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan

A

scan combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of the brain after the administration or radioactive isotopes

145
Q

positron-emission tomography (PET)

A

technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of brain anatomy and corresponding physiology; used to study stroke, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, metabolic bran disorders, chemistry of nerve transmissions in the brain, and so on; provides greater accuracy than SPECT, but is used less often because of the cost and the limited availability of the radioisotopes

146
Q

radiography

A

x-ray imaging

147
Q

cerebral angiogram

A

x-ray of blood vessels in the brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

148
Q

computed tomography (CT) of the head

A

computed tomographic (x-ray) images of the head used to visualize abnormalities, such as brain tumors and malformations

149
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray of the spinal cord obtained after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

150
Q

reflex testing

A

test preformed to observe the body’s response to a stimulus

151
Q

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

A

involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon (ex. patella or Achillies) indicating function; positive findings are either no reflex response or an exaggerated responses stimulus; n=numbers are often used to record responses 0=no response; 1+=diminished response; 2+=normal response; 3+=more brisk than average response; 4+=hyperactive response

152
Q

Babinski sign

A

pathologic response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; a positive sign is indicated when the toes dorsiflex (curl upward); also called Babinski reflex

153
Q

Babinski reflex

A

pathologic response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; a positive sign is indicated when the toes dorsiflex (curl upward); also called Babinski sign

154
Q

transcranial Doppler sonogram

A

image made by sending ultrasound beams through the skull to assess blood flow in intracranial vessels; used in the diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma

155
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

incision and coring of the lining of the crotid artery to clear a blockage caused by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque or a clot; an open procedure used to treat patients who are at risk for stroke

156
Q

craniectomy

A

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

157
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull to approach the brain

158
Q

discectomy or diskectomy

A

removal of a herniated disk; often done percutaneously (per = through; cutaneous = skin)

159
Q

endovascular neurosurgery

A

minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disorders within blood vessels of the neck, brain, and spinal cord using specialized catheters inserted percutaneously (through the skin) into the femoral artery (in the groin) and guided by angiographic imaging to the treatment site; preformed in a specialized angiographic Laboratory by interventional neuroradiologists; common procedures are: -percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with stent (ex. carotid PTA)

160
Q

interventional neuroradiology

A

clinical subspecialty that uses CT and ultrasound to guide percutaneous procedures such as biopsies, fluid drainage, catheter insertion, and dilating or stenting narrowed ducts or vessels

161
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord

162
Q

vertebral lamina

A

flattened posterior portion of the vertebral arch

163
Q

microsurgery

A

use of a microscope to dissect minute structures during surgery

164
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve

165
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

an operative procedure to create ankylosis (joint fixation) between two or more vertebrae; also called spinal fusion

166
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to produce

167
Q

radiation therapy

A

treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to impede the proliferation of malignant cells

168
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

radiation treatment to inactivate malignant lesions using multiple, precise external radiation beams focused on a target with the aid of a stereotactic frame and imaging such as CT, MRI, or angiography; used to treat inoperable brain tumors and other lesions: also called stereotaxic radiosurgery

169
Q

stereotaxic radiosurgery

A

radiation treatment to inactivate malignant lesions using multiple, precise external radiation beams focused on a target with the aid of a stereotactic frame and imaging such as CT, MRI, or angiography; used to treat inoperable brain tumors and other lesions: also called stereotactic radiosurgery

170
Q

stereotactic frame

A

mechanical device used to localize a point in space, targeting a precise site; also called stereotaxic frame

171
Q

stereotaxic frame

A

mechanical device used to localize a point in space, targeting a precise site; also called stereotactic frame

172
Q

analgesic

A

drug that relives pain

173
Q

anticonvulsant

A

drug that prevents or lessens convulsion

174
Q

hypnotic

A

drug that induces sleep

175
Q

affect

A

emotional feeling or mood

176
Q

flat affect

A

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

177
Q

apathy

A

a lack of interest or display of emotion

178
Q

catatonia

A

a state of unresponsiveness to ones outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

179
Q

delusion

A

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

180
Q

grandiose delusion

A

a person’s false belief that he or she possess great wealth, intelligence, or power

181
Q

persecutory delusion

A

a person’s false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with the intent to harm

182
Q

dysphoria

A

a restless, dissatisfied mood

183
Q

euphoria

A

an exaggerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

184
Q

hallucination

A

a false perception of the senses for which there ais no reality; most commonly hearing or seeing things (alucinor = to wander in mind)

185
Q

ideation

A

the formation of thoughts or ideas, such as suicidal ideation (thoughts of suicide)

186
Q

mania

A

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

187
Q

neurosis

A

a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

188
Q

psychosis

A

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function within ones environment

189
Q

thought disorder

A

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction

190
Q

major depression
major depressive illness
clinical depression
major affective depression disorder

A

a disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior: characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and loss of interest

191
Q

dysthymia

A

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

192
Q

Bipolar disorder (BD)

A

affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and hypomania (extreme up and down states)

193
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

affective disorder marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during the fall and winter and that remit in the spring

194
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

most common anxiety disorder; characterized by chronic, excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday problems; affects the ability to relax or concentrate, but does not usually interfere with social interactions or employment; physical symptoms include muscle tension, trembling, twitching, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and insomnia

195
Q

panic disorder

A

a disorder or sudden, recurrent attacks of intense feelings, including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack (rapid heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, chills, sweating, and dizziness) with a general sense of loss of control or feeling that death is imminent; often progresses to agoraphobia

196
Q

phobia

A

exaggerated fear of a specific object or circumstance that causes anxiety and panic; named for the object of circumstance, such as acrophobia (fear of high places)

197
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

a condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury, or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal; may occur after war, violent personal assault, physical or sexual abuse, serious accident, or natual disaster; symptoms include feelings of fear, restlessness, detachment, exaggerated startle response, nightmares, and avoidance of anything or anyone who triggers the painful recollections

198
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

an anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions; can interfere with all aspects of a person’s daily life

199
Q

hypochondriasis

A

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

200
Q

autism

A

a developmental disorder commonly appearing during the first 3 years of life resulting from a neurologic disorder affecting brain function as evidenced by difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication an inability to relate to anything beyond one’s self (auto=self) in social interactions: persons with autism often exhibit body movements such as rocking and repetitive hand movements; persons commonly become preoccupied with observing parts of small objects r moving parts or preforming meaningless rituals

201
Q

dyslexia

A

developmental disability characterized by difficulty on understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs that affects reading, spelling, and self-expression

202
Q

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a dysfunction characterized by consistent hyperactivity, distractibility, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with ability to function normally at school, home, or work

203
Q

intellectual disability

A

a condition of below average intelligence or mental ability and lack of skills necessary for day-to-day activities; there are varying degrees ranging from mild to profound

204
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one’s body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

205
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion through induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or excessive exercise

206
Q

substance abuse disorders

A

mental disorders resulting from abuse of substances such as drugs, alcohol, or other toxins, causing personal and social dysfunction; identified by the abused substance, such as alcohol abuse, amphetamine abuse, opioid (narcotic) abuse, and polysubstance abuse

207
Q

schizophrenia

A

a disease of brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perception of one’s environment; symptoms include distortions on normal function (such as disorganized thought, delusions, hallucinations, and catatonic behavior) flat affect, apathy, and withdrawal from reality

208
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

electrical shock applied to the brain to induce convulsions; used to treat patients with severe depression

209
Q

light therapy

A

use of specialized illuminating light boxes and visors to treat seasonal affective disorder

210
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with patients, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

211
Q

behavioral therapy

A

treatment to decrease or stop unwanted behavior

212
Q

cognitive therapy

A

treatment to change unwanted patterns of thinking

213
Q

psychotropic drugs

A

medications used to treat mental illness (trop/o= a turning)

214
Q

antianxiety agents

A

drugs used to reduce anxiety; also called anxiolytic agents

215
Q

anxiolytic agents

A

drugs used to reduce anxiety; also called antianxiety agents

216
Q

antidepressant

A

drug that counteracts depression

217
Q

neuroleptic agents

A

drugs used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia

218
Q

sedative

A

drug that has a calming effect and quiets nervousness

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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