nervous system and endocrine system

Question 1

nervous system diagram

Answer 1

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpressbooks.cuny.edu%2Fjjcpsy101%2Fchapter%2Fparts-of-the-nervous-system%2F&psig=AOvVaw1SJvKUON3HyT_Hi8D0a9ZZ&ust=1723040638945000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCOih49vI4IcDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

Question 2

central nervous system function

Answer 2

processes info sent by peripheral nervous system and decides what action to take

Question 3

brain function

Answer 3

involved in psychological processes and its main job is to ensure life is maintained also analyses and interprets info from environment

Question 4

spinal cord function

Answer 4

relay info between brain and rest of body, if damaged areas supplied by spinal nerves below the damage will be cut off

Question 5

peripheral nervous system function

Answer 5

responds to and carries out actions the central nervous system tells it to do

Question 6

somatic nervous system function

Answer 6

facilitates communication between central nervous system and outside world, made up of sensory receptors that carry info to central nervous system, motor pathways allow brain to control movement (voluntary activity)

Question 7

autonomic nervous system function

Answer 7

only motor pathways and regulates subconscious physiological activities e.g heart rate and breathing

Question 8

sympathetic nervous system function

Answer 8

‘fight or flight’ impulses travel from this to organs to help prepare for action in a dangerous situation e.g increased heart rate while digestion is supressed

Question 9

parasympathetic nervous system function

Answer 9

‘rest and digest’ returns us to resting stage, slows down heart rate and breathing rate and functions such as digestion are started again

Question 10

endocrine system definition

Answer 10

it is a network of glands which manufacture and secrete hormones to regulate and control behaviour and physiological processes, uses hormones and the blood stream to send chemicals messengers to target cells

Question 11

hormone definition

Answer 11

chemical messengers transported through the bloodstream to target organs

Question 12

glands definition

Answer 12

organs in the body that produce and secrete chemical messengers called hormones

Question 13

5 glands - location - hormone - action

Answer 13

• pituitary - brain - informs other glands to release hormone - controls release of hormone (master gland)
• pineal - skin - melatonin - regulates sleep cycle
• adrenal - near kidney - adrenaline - creates physiological arousal for fight or flight
• testes - male reproductive system - testosterone - develops male sex characteristics and linked to aggression
• ovaries - female reproductive system - oestrogen - regulates menstral cycle

Question 14

negative feeback definition

Answer 14

occurs when a product feeds back to decrease its own production, this brings things back to normal when it starts to become too extreme

Question 15

fight or flight process 5 steps

Answer 15

1. when we’re faced with a threat/stressor the AMYGDALA is activated
2. amygdala associates sensory signals with emotions related to fight or flight
3. distress signal is then sent to hypothalamus
4. hypothalamus = control centre and communicates this to the rest of the body SNS
5. hypothalamus recognises there is a threat and sends a signal to the adrenal medulla via the ANS which stimulates the adrenal medulla and secretes the hormone adrenaline into bloodstream

Question 16

sympathetic NS symptoms and why do each occur

Answer 16

• increased heart and breathing rate as need more oxygen
• dilated pupils to allow more light into eyesight so can detect danger better
• digestion and saliva production stop to allow energy to go to more important functions

Question 17

parasympathetic NS symptoms

Answer 17

• decrease heart and breathing rate
• pupils constrict
• digestion and saliva recontinue