Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT0005 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the human nervous system?

A
  1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system

A

The cranial and spinal nerves

The autonomic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are nerves?

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS, some percentage of them will be myelinated by Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of axons in the CNS, some of them will be myelinated by oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is white matter?

A

Areas of the CNS composed of neural cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Areas of the CNS composed of neural cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does afferent refer to?

A

CNS/individual nerve cell that projects inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does efferent refer to?

A

CNS/individual nerve cell that projects outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a plexus?

A

An interwoven mass of nerves and axons making up these nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A swelling on a nerve which usually contains cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a ramus?

A

A branch of a nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do cranial nerves originate?

A

In the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different roles of cranial nerves?

A

Sensory - CN1/2/8

Motor - CN3/6/11/12

Mixed - CN5/7/9/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the origin of the spinal nerves

A

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are spinal nerves commonly stretched downwards?

A

Spinal cord stops at around level L1

After this, the nerves angle down since the spinal cord stays the same length, but the vertebral column continues growing, stretching the nerves downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the spatiolocation of the vertebral column and spinal nerves

A

For cervical nerves 1-7, the nerve number corresponds to the vertebrae below the nerve

After C8, the vertebrae come before the nerve

20
Q

Where does sensory afferent information enter the vertebral column?

A

Through the dorsal root ganglion

21
Q

Where does the motor efferent information exit the vertebral column?

A

Through the anterior ventral root ganglion

22
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

Nerves supply a particular territory of the skin

This segmental innervation originates in the somites

23
Q

Describe the nerve supply in each dermatome

A

Each dermatome is supplied by one main spinal nerve, but is also partially covered by the nerve below and above

24
Q

What are the dermatomes of the body?

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

25
Describe which spinal nerves form which plexus
C2-C5 = cervical plexus C5-T1 = brachial plexus T12-L4 = lumbar plexus L5-S5/Cox1 = sacral plexus
26
What is the largest nerve in the body? Which plexus does it contribute to?
Sciatic nerve Sacral plexus
27
Describe the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system
The first 2 divisions are: 1. Sensory (afferent) 2. Motor (efferent) Sensory is divided into viscerosensory, somatosensory and special sensory Motor is divided into somatomotor and visceromotor (parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric)
28
Give examples to each functional division of the peripheral nervous system
Somatosensory - skeletal muscle and skin Viscerosensory = viscera/organs Special sensory = ears, eyes, nose and tongue Somatosenory = skeletal muscle/voluntary Visceromotor = smooth muscle/involuntary
29
Describe the spinal reflex arc
Involves one sensory and one motor neurons 1. Sensory neuron sends information via dorsal root to motor neurons 2. Motor neurons send information to the same muscle 3. The muscle contracts 4. Other antagonistically paired muscles may help this reflex to relax the antagonistic muscle
30
What type of synapses is involved in the reflex arc?
It is monosynaptic
31
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
1. Parasympathetic | 2. Sympathetic
32
Which spinal nerves are involved in the sympathetic nervous system?
Thoracolumnar T1 - L2
33
Which spinal nerves are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Craniosacral Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 19 Sacral nerves 2-4 Vagus nerve - originates from CN10
34
Describe the ganglia of the sympathetic system
Associated with chain of ganglia Can go up into the neck area and lumbar/sacral region Ganglia near the spinal cord and far from target
35
What is the sympathetic chain?
A chain of ganglia lateral to the vertebral column. Extends from the neck to the sacrum, but sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord is only between T1 and L2 This allows sympathetic innervation to extend beyond levels T1 and L2
36
Describe the ganglia of the parasympathetic system
Ganglia are near the target organs
37
How many sympathetic chains are there?
2 One on each side of the body
38
Describe the myelination of pre and post-ganglionic nerves
Preganglionic are myelinated Postganglionic are unmyelinated
39
Describe the exit and entry roots of the nerves
Preganglionic = white ramus comunicans Post-ganglionic = grey ramus comunicans
40
What is the origin of the splanchnic nerves?
T5 - T12
41
What is an important quality about some splanchnic nerves?
Some pass through their ganglia without synapsing and instead synapse in collateral ganglia close to abdominal organs Pass through the ganglion and have a peripheral ganglion ``` Examples of these include: Greater splanchnic (T5 - T9) Lesser splanchnic (T10 - T11) Least splanchnic (T12) ```
42
What is the function of the enteric nervous system?
Controls gut function: - secretion - gut mobility - gut reflexes
43
What is unique about the enteric nervous system
Can operate in 3 ways: 1. CNS - via parasympathetic and sympathetic system 2. Isolation 3. In response to hormones
44
What are the two important plexuses in the enteric nervous system?
Myenteric plexus - mostly controls gut mobility Submucosal plexus - mostly controls gut secretions
45
What is referred pain?
Some of the innervation via the visceromotor and viscerosensory can synapse into similar nerves, so the brain develops the body image referring to the inner organs
46
Clinically important examples of referred pain
T1 - T4 = associated with the heart T5 - T7 = stomach T10 = uterus/appendix

ANAT0005 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions