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HPN Bridging Course > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory input - monitor changes both inside and outside the body.

Integrate - make sense of the information

Carry out changes - motor output

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2
Q

What are the 2 regions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System - brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System - everything else

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3
Q

What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous tissue?

A

Glial cells - provides framework of tissue to support neurons.

Neuron - more functional - communication

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4
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses. Conscious means the contraction of skeletal muscle.

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5
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Responsible for the involuntary control of the body. Usually for the sake of homeostasis.

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6
Q

What functions does the Cerebrum have?

A

Many of the higher neurological functions.
Memory
Emotion
Consciousness.

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7
Q

Where is the frontal lobe?

A

Front of the brain.

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8
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Auditory sensation such as sound, and speech, lesser degree establishing long term memory.

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9
Q

What is the main function of the frontal lobe?

A 
Skeletal motor control and motor patterns
Personality
Higher order thinking
Attention
Abstract ideas
Decision making
Short term memory
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10
Q

What sensation is associated with the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensation which is general sensations associated with the body.

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11
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing centre.

Temporal and parietal also help with this.

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12
Q

What are the 2 main and 2 other structures that make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus - contains pineal gland
Subthalamus

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13
Q

What is the thalamus and where is it?

A

Makes up the diencephalon
The relay centre for sensory input except olfactory/smell.
sorts information, establishes what is important, communicates to relevant area of cortex.

relays output from motor cortex

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14
Q

What is the hypothalamus and where is it?

A

Sits under the thalamus in the diencephalon.
Plays major role in the regulation of homeostasis via autonomic nervous system and endocrine system.
Memory and emoti

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15
Q

What 3 parts make up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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16
Q

What is the brain stem and what are its functions?

A

The structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Regulates several functions, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

17
Q

What is the midbrain and where is it?

A

The midbrain is the upper part of the brain stem.
It contains the visual and auditory reflex centres
Plays a role in regulating cardio and respiratory centres.

18
Q

What is the pons and where is it?

A

The pons is the middle piece to the brain stem.
It is the relay centre for information between the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Aids in regulating rate and depth of breathing.

19
Q

What is the medulla oblongata and where is it?

A

Lower part of the brain stem.
It relays sensory impulses from skin and proprioceptors to cerebellum.
Plays role in control of heart rate, vomiting, blood pressure, respiratory rate.

20
Q

What is the cerebellum and where is it?

A

The ‘little brain’ sits underneath the occipital lobe.
It is the coordination point for the instructions from the cerebrum, comparing the to the sensory input.
Responsible for coordination, posture, balance. Affected by alcohol.

21
Q

What nervous system is the spinal cord associated and what regions of it are responsible for what functions

A

Central nervous system.
Anterior part responsible for motor function
Posterior part responsible for sensory function

22
Q

What is a neuron how does it communicate?

A

A cell that is responsible for interpretation and communication within the nervous system.
Electrically active and releases chemical signals to target cells.

23
Q

What are the ‘processes’ that are part of a neuron and what do they do?

A

Dendrites - bring messages to the cell body - can have many.

Axons - carry messages away from the cell body - stem from the axon hillock - cells will only have one axon.

24
Q

What is also known as a soma?

A

The cell body of a neuron.

25
Q

What is the name of the branching at the end of the axon.

A

Axon terminals.

26
Q

When are neurotransmitters released.

A

When a nerve signal has reached the end of an axon terminal it stimulates the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.

27
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Where one neuron forms a junction with another

28
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

The space between one neuron and the next and is part of the synapse.

29
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

White fatty material that covers most long nerve fibre axons.

30
Q

What is the name of the gaps between the myelin sheath sections?

A

Node of ranvier.

31
Q

What are efferent/descending neurons and what do they do?

A

Motor neurons that carry impulses from CNS to carry out movement.

32
Q

What are afferent/ascending neurons and what do they do?

A

Sensory neurons carry impulses from PNS to CNS.

33
Q

What does it mean by ‘the cell is polarised’?

What is this known as?

A

There is a charge difference between the inside and the outside of the cell. Known as resting membrane potential.

34
Q

What is the first stage of an action potential? When does it occur?

A

Depolarisation.

When a stimulus is detected by a receptor.

35
Q

Where does information travel in the spinothalamic pathway?

A

Spinal cord
Thalamus
Sensory cortex

36
Q

Where does information travel in the corticospinal pathway?

A

Motor cortex
Brain Stem
Spinal cord

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