Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body and Movement > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sensory division role in the peripheral nervous system?

A

It carries all incoming sensory information towards towards the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The is the role of the motor division in the peripheral nervous system?

A

It carries all outgoing information from the brain to muscles (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac) or glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two grooves and ridges called in the brain?

A

Gyri and sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of neuroglia?

A

To support and maintain neurons in the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

“Sending” part of the neuron. Covered in myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the dendrites?

A

“Receiving” part of the neuron. Neuron contain many dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the two organs that come under the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two functional and anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Satellite cells, schwann cells (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two functional categories of axons in the PNS?

A 
Somantic component (axons related to activity in muscles, skin and joints)
Visceral component (axons with nerve impulses to glands, organs, blood vessels)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Carries action potentials between dendrites and axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two subdivisions make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an electrical signal that travels through a cell to send information?

A

Nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which system is the autonomic nervous part of?

A

Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name a type of neuron?

A

Sensory, motor, interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Regions of myelinated axons are called?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and its target cell called?

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is another name for the electrical signal transmitted with neurons?

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When voltage gated channels open, positive or negative charged ions enter the nerve cells?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True/False: the H-shaped core of the spinal cord is made up of dura matter?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long can neurons function?

A

A lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes a channel protein to open/close?

A

Neurotransmitters, voltage change, mechanical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What voltage does the cell membrane need to reach in order for an action potential to begin?

A

-55 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the voltage of the cell membrane at rest?

A

-70 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Knee jerk, GTO, withdraw and crossed extensor are types of what?

A

Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True/False: the sympathetic nervous system reduces ventilation?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What structure connects the middle ear to the upper throat?

A

Eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What structure detects angular acceleration of the head?

A

Semicircle canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The location of information processing is different for each individual?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The brain is a complex organ and we do not know everything about it yet?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the four major divisions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

White matter tract called corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Separates the left and right hemispheres and allows communication between the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The bumps of the cerebrum are called?

A

Gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The grooves of the cerebrum are called?

A

Sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the purpose of the gyri and sulci?

A

To increase surface area of the brain, allowing more neurons to be contained within the capacity of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?

A

Occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How did the lobes of each cerebral hemisphere get their names?

A

They are named after the skull bone that cover them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

A

Sensation of touch and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

A

Receiving and processing sensory inputs, particularly hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

A

Planning, attention, short-term memory, voluntary movement and motivation

44
Q

Where is the cerebral cortex?

A

Outer most layer of the cerebrum

45
Q

What is the cerebral cortex made of?

A

Gray matter

46
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Primarily cell bodies and dendrites

47
Q

What are the three functional areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

Sensory areas, motor areas, association areas

48
Q

Where is the somatosensory area of the brain?

A

Located in the parietal lobe

49
Q

Which part of the sensory area determines type, intensity, location of a stimulus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

50
Q

What part of the sensory area integrates new information with stored (memory) information?

A

Somatosensory association area

51
Q

True/False: all the special senses are processed in the same area of the cerebral cortex?

A

False

52
Q

Which lobe is the motor cortex located in?

A

Frontal lobe

53
Q

What does the premotor area of the motor cortex do?

A

Where planning of skeletal muscle movements occurs

54
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Sends impulses down the spinal cord towards skeletal muscles according to somatotopy

55
Q

Where is the prefrontal cortex?

A

Anterior to the premotor cortex in the frontal lobe

56
Q

What can the prefrontal cortex do?

A

Numerous integrative functions including intelligence, cognition, recall and memory, reasoning and planning, task management and multi-tasking, and personality

57
Q

True/false: basal nuclei are made of gray matter?

A

True

58
Q

What is the term used to describe the coordination between the basal nuclei and the premotor cortex?

A

Motor loops

59
Q

What common disease is associated with degeneration of of the basal nuclei?

A

Parkinsons disease

60
Q

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

61
Q

Which part of the diencephalon regulates consciousness and sleep?

A

Thalamus

62
Q

Which part of the diencephalon controls the endocrine system?

A

Hypthalamus

63
Q

Where does the hypothalamus send signals for hormone release into the body?

A

Pituitary gland

64
Q

What is the limbic system involved with?

A

Emotion, behaviour, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction

65
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord

66
Q

What does the brainstem do?

A

Connects the brain with the spinal cord. Motor signals from the brain are processed here before being sent down the spinal cord

67
Q

What is the name given to the second largest structure of the brain, also called the “little brain”?

A

Cerebellum

68
Q

What are the three layers of on the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

69
Q

What is the fluid produced by cells that protects the brain and spinal cord from blows and trauma?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

70
Q

What does the blood brain barrier (BBB) do?

A

Ensures a constant environment for the brain

71
Q

What are some substances that affect the nerve cells in the brain by passing the blood brain barrier?

A

Alcohol, cocaine and heroin

72
Q

What is the term associated to the brains ability to self repair?

A

Neuroplasticity

73
Q

Which bony feature does the spinal cord reside?

A

Spine

74
Q

Hoe many spinal segments are there?

A

31

75
Q

True/false: the H-shaped core of the spinal cord is made of white matter?

A

False - its grey matter

76
Q

Which neurons are found in the anterior horns of the spinal cord?

A

Motor neurons

77
Q

Where are the 2nd order (sensory) neurons found?

A

Posterior horns

78
Q

What neurons are found within the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

Interneurons

79
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Form the transmission cells between sensory neurons entering the spinal cord and the ascending tracks in the white matter

80
Q

What are spinal reflexes?

A

Pathways between the segments of the spinal cord and the nerves supplying the muscles

81
Q

What is typically an effector in a spinal reflex?

A

A muscle with produces the response

82
Q

What is a crossed extensor reflex?

A

When signals are sent to opposite side of the body

83
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Provides a link between the central nervous system and all parts of the body

84
Q

Axons of the somatic component go to?

A

Activity of the muscles, joint and all skin

85
Q

Axons of the visceral component go to?

A

Glands, organs and blood vessels

86
Q

Incoming (afferent) axons are located in which root?

A

Dorsal (posterior) root

87
Q

Outgoing (efferent) axons are located in which root?

A

Ventral (anterior) root

88
Q

What is a ‘ganglion’?

A

Swelling on the dorsal root

89
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One lower motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates

90
Q

What two mechanisms control the strength of a muscle contraction?

A

Frequency and recruitment

91
Q

How many main nerve plexus’ are in the body?

A

Four - cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

92
Q

What are the 3 types of receptors found in the body?

A

Cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors, nocireceptors

93
Q

What are the three types of cutaneous receptors? What do they respond to?

A

Mechanoreceptors - touch, pressure, vibration, stretch
Thermoreceptors - temperature
Nociceptors - noxious stimuli and result in sensation of pain

94
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Are of skin supplied by all the sensory nerve fibres of one spinal nerve

95
Q

What are dermatome maps used for?

A

To determine the source of pain

96
Q

Where are the peripheral nerves located?

A

Distributed to all parts of the body

97
Q

What does it mean that peripheral nerves are ‘mixed nerves’?

A

Contain sensory fibres and motor fibres

98
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves and what are they associated to?

A

Olfactory (smell), optic (vision), oculomotor (eye movement), trochlear (eye movement), trigeminal (taste), abducens (eye movement), facial (taste), vestibulocochlear (balance), glossopharyngeal (taste), vagus (swallowing), spinal assessory (mastication), hypoglossal (speech)

99
Q

What are the two divisons of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

100
Q

Which system is the “fight or flight” system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

101
Q

Which system is the “rest and digest” system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

102
Q

ANS nerve fibres are larger or smaller than those of the somatic nervous system?

A

Smaller

103
Q

What are some of the actions of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Increase heart rate, regulate blood pressure, increase ventilation

104
Q

What is the chain of ganglion?

A

Sympathetic nervous system structured in chain from the base of the skull to the coccyx

105
Q

What are some of the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Decrease heart rate, slows breathing, constricts pupil

106
Q

Where are the ganglion of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Near the structure supplied by the nerve

Human Body and Movement (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions