Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What are the two atrioventricular valves called?
Tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves
What are the names of the valves of the heart?
Tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve
Name two functions of the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage prevents collapse.
A line of smooth muscle which can rapidly force air out on contraction
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
Is blood oxygenated or deoxygenated when is the right side of the heart?
Deoxygenated
True or false: the heart has its own electrical system?
True
What is the term used to describe the relationship between the pressure inside and outside the lungs?
Pressure gradient
What is the term used to describe the relationship between the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and in the capillaries?
Concentration gradient
Inspiration causes the pressure inside the lungs to increase or decrease?
Decrease
What muscle relaxes in order for expiration to occur?
Diaphragm, intercostal muscles
True or false: kytocytes are a component of blood?
False
What type of muscle is found in the arteries?
Smooth muscle
Arteries or veins are under high pressure?
Arteries
What is normal systolic blood pressure?
120 mmHg
Name the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
What system collects fluid leaked from the capillaries and return it to the venous system?
Lymphatic system
The smallest blood vessels are called?
Capillaries
What is the term used to describe blood clotting?
Coagulation
Approximately how much blood does an adult human have?
5L
Which system carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Venous system
How thick are capillary walls?
1 cell thick
What is the mediastinum?
Medial cavity of the thorax
Which direction does the apex of the heart face?
Inferolaterally
What are the layers of the heart?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
What is the general function of the left/right atriums?
Receives blood
What is the general function of the left/right ventricles?
Discharge blood
Which circulatory system is low-pressure system?
Pulmonary circulation
What is the vessel that carries blood to the heart?
Vena cava
What do the pulmonary veins do?
Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
What do the pulmonary arteries do?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is unique about aorta?
It is elastic and stretches like a balloon
