Lower Limb Flashcards
What muscles are the plantar flexors of the ankle?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
How many axes (planes) can the knee move?
Two - rotation in transverse plane, flexion/extension in sagittal plane
Where is the patella in relation to the femur?
Anterior
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial, biaxial, condylar joint. Acts like a hinge. (Allows for some rotation when flexed)
What are the bony features of the tibia?
Lateral condyle, medial condyle, tibial tubercle, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus
What connects the tibia and fibula?
Interosseous membrane
What is the interosseous membrane and its function?
Fibrous tissue between radius and ulna
What bones make up the ankle joint?
Tibia, fibula, talus
What is the purpose of the ACL and PCL?
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments purpose is to resist anterior and posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
What movements occur at the ankle joint?
Dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion
The pelvis is formed by the fusion of what three bones?
Ischium, ilium, pubis
Name three movements the knee can perform?
Flexion, extension, slight rotation
What is the function of the quadriceps?
Flexion
What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
What structure keeps the patella in place?
The patellofemoral tendon
Name a muscle responsible for knee flexion?
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Which intracapsular ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia?
ACL - anterior cruciate ligament
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge
What movement occurs when the sole (bottom) of the foot is facing medially?
Inversion
Which bones contribute to pronation/supination if the foot?
Tarsals
What two bones articulate at the knee joint?
Distal femur and proximal tibia
Name a muscle responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum longus
