Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Which two systems coordinate communication throughout the body?

A

Endocrine system

Nervous system

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2
Q

What are neurons?

A

Specialised cells which convey high speed electrical signals transferring info

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3
Q

What are supporting, non-neuronal cells called?

A

Glial cells

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4
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Maintain homeostasis, provides nutrition and support, forms myelin and plays an important role in the the transmission of info

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5
Q

What are synapses?

A

Junctions between two cells of neurons that allow for rapid transmission of signals

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6
Q

What are ganglia?

A

A cluster of neurons that perform specialised functions

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7
Q

What are some examples of ganglia?

A

Dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia, autonomic ganglia

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8
Q

What is the process of information processing?

A

Sensory input > integration > motor output

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9
Q

What is the information processing process like in cone snails?

A

Siphon detects vibration > signal to the CNS of core ganglion > firing of harpoon from proboscis

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10
Q

What are the organisation of nervous systems in:

a) Cnidarian
b) Echinoderm
c) Platyhelminthes
d) Annelids

A

a) Nerve net
b) Nerve net in each arm, connected by radial nerves to a central nerve ring
c) Cephalisation. Has eye spots, an early brain, a nerve chord and transverse nerves
d) Brain, ventral nerve chord, segmental ganglion

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11
Q

What is cephalisation?

A

A cluster of ganglion/nerve organs

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12
Q

What is the organisation of nervous systems in:

e) Arthropods
f) Mollusca
g) Chordates

A

e) Ganglia connected to the CNS, PNS
f) Sessile - longitudinal nerve chords with transverse nerve chords and an anterior nerve ring with simple ganglia
Complex - Brain, eyes, neurons arranges in lobes and tracts
g) PNS, CNS

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13
Q

What divisions make up the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

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14
Q

What is the function of the PNS?

A

Connects the PNS to the limbs and organs and to transmit information to and from them

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15
Q

What does the parasympathetic division control?

A

Maintains functions, especially at a time of ease

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16
Q

What does the sympathetic division control?

A

Fight or flight response

17
Q

What does the enteric division control?

A

Digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder

18
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

19
Q

What are the three embryonic regions of the brain?

A

The forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

20
Q

What are the functions of:

a) the forebrain
b) the midbrain
c) the hindbrain

A

a) smell, sleep, learning and processing
b) coordinates routing of sensory input
c) coordinated motor activities (like locomotion) and involuntary activities (like blood circulation)

21
Q

The brain stem controls…

A

sleep and arousal

22
Q

The brain stem consists of three parts:

A

Medula oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

23
Q

The cerebellum is important for…

A

coordination, error checking, learning, remembering motor skills, processing sensory temporal stimuli

24
Q

The corpus callosum connects which two hemispheres?

A

The right and left

25
Q

What is the importance of the corpus callosum?

A

Allows communication between our sides to occur

26
Q

Which group/s is a corpus callosum found in?

a) Monotremes
b) Marsupials
c) Placental mammals
d) A & B
e) A, B & C

A

c) Placental mammals

27
Q

The outer area of the cerebra is called the…

A

cerebral cortex

28
Q

How many lobes does the cerebral cortex have?

A

Four - frontal, temporal, parietal occipital