Nervous System Flashcards
Which two systems coordinate communication throughout the body?
Endocrine system
Nervous system
What are neurons?
Specialised cells which convey high speed electrical signals transferring info
What are supporting, non-neuronal cells called?
Glial cells
What do glial cells do?
Maintain homeostasis, provides nutrition and support, forms myelin and plays an important role in the the transmission of info
What are synapses?
Junctions between two cells of neurons that allow for rapid transmission of signals
What are ganglia?
A cluster of neurons that perform specialised functions
What are some examples of ganglia?
Dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia, autonomic ganglia
What is the process of information processing?
Sensory input > integration > motor output
What is the information processing process like in cone snails?
Siphon detects vibration > signal to the CNS of core ganglion > firing of harpoon from proboscis
What are the organisation of nervous systems in:
a) Cnidarian
b) Echinoderm
c) Platyhelminthes
d) Annelids
a) Nerve net
b) Nerve net in each arm, connected by radial nerves to a central nerve ring
c) Cephalisation. Has eye spots, an early brain, a nerve chord and transverse nerves
d) Brain, ventral nerve chord, segmental ganglion
What is cephalisation?
A cluster of ganglion/nerve organs
What is the organisation of nervous systems in:
e) Arthropods
f) Mollusca
g) Chordates
e) Ganglia connected to the CNS, PNS
f) Sessile - longitudinal nerve chords with transverse nerve chords and an anterior nerve ring with simple ganglia
Complex - Brain, eyes, neurons arranges in lobes and tracts
g) PNS, CNS
What divisions make up the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
What is the function of the PNS?
Connects the PNS to the limbs and organs and to transmit information to and from them
What does the parasympathetic division control?
Maintains functions, especially at a time of ease
What does the sympathetic division control?
Fight or flight response
What does the enteric division control?
Digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder
What are the two components of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What are the three embryonic regions of the brain?
The forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
What are the functions of:
a) the forebrain
b) the midbrain
c) the hindbrain
a) smell, sleep, learning and processing
b) coordinates routing of sensory input
c) coordinated motor activities (like locomotion) and involuntary activities (like blood circulation)
The brain stem controls…
sleep and arousal
The brain stem consists of three parts:
Medula oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
The cerebellum is important for…
coordination, error checking, learning, remembering motor skills, processing sensory temporal stimuli
The corpus callosum connects which two hemispheres?
The right and left
What is the importance of the corpus callosum?
Allows communication between our sides to occur
Which group/s is a corpus callosum found in?
a) Monotremes
b) Marsupials
c) Placental mammals
d) A & B
e) A, B & C
c) Placental mammals
The outer area of the cerebra is called the…
cerebral cortex
How many lobes does the cerebral cortex have?
Four - frontal, temporal, parietal occipital
