Circulation and Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is apnoea?
Holding your breath
What is bradycardia?
Heart rate slowing down
What are the types of circulatory systems?
Open and closed circulatory systems
What is the open circulatory system composed of?
Haemolymph circulatory fluid
Open set of tubes, so that organs can be directly bathed by the fluid
Tubular heart
What is the closed circulatory system composed of?
Blood
Blood vessels
In humans and vertebrates, a heart with chambers but in annelids, a series of different hearts
Why would closed circulatory systems have developed/evolved?
A closed system allows organisms to grow, move and perform different activities, because they are more efficient at transporting oxygen
How many chambers do the following organisms have in their heart?
a) Fishes
b) Amphibians
c) Reptilians
d) Mammals and birds
a) 2
b) 3
c) 3
d) 4
What are the two mechanisms that regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds?
- Constricting the vessel - contraction of the smooth muscle layer in the wall of the arteriole
- Pre-capillary sphincters - control the flow of blood between the arterioles and venules
What is the lymphatic system?
The lymphatic system indirectly returns fluid from the capillary beds to the body. It aids in the body defence and immunity.
Blood is a connective tissue composing of:
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Cellular element
What is the function of white blood cells?
In defence by engulfing bacteria and debris and producing antibodies
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erthyrocytes
What are the 5 types of white blood cells?
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Neutrophils
Blood clotting is aided by which component of blood?
Platelets
What are the gas exchange systems in the following organisms?
a) Aquatic animals
b) Insects
c) Mammals
a) Gills
b) Tracheal systems
c) Lungs
