Nervous System

Question 1

Afferent

Answer 1

Transmits information from periphery to the CNS contains receptors. Sends motor information to effectors.

Question 2

Efferent

Answer 2

Transmits information from CNS to the rest of the body. Sends motor information to effectors.

Question 3

Somatic Sensory

Answer 3

Receives sensory information from the skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses.

Question 4

Visceral Sensory

Answer 4

Receives sensory information from viscera.

Question 5

Somatic motor

Answer 5

“Voluntary” nervous system: innervates skeletal muscles.

Question 6

Autonomic motor

Answer 6

“Involuntary” nervous system: innervates cardiac muscles, smooth muscle, glands.

Question 7

Sensory input

Answer 7

Receptor monitor stimuli inside & outside body

Question 8

Integration

Answer 8

Process, interprets, assimilates experiences

Question 9

Moto output

Answer 9

Responds; muscle contraction, glandular secretion

Question 10

What is included in the CNS?

Answer 10

Brian and spinal cord

Question 11

What is included in the PNS?

Answer 11

Nerves and ganglia

Question 12

Ganglia

Answer 12

areas where the cell bodies of neurons are clustered.

Question 13

Nuclei

Answer 13

Cluster of neuron bodies in CNS

Question 14

Tracts

Answer 14

Bundles of axons in CNS

Question 15

Which subdivisions are associated with autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system?

Answer 15

Autonomic: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Somatic: Spinal and cranial nerves

Question 16

What are glial cells?

Answer 16

Protect, nourish neurons. Provide organized, supporting framework.

Question 17

Astrocytes (CNS)

Answer 17

Connect neurons to blood vessels, control flow of substances, control chemical composition, provide framework and support, replace neurons, resynthesize neurotransmitters, and regulate neuron connect.

Question 18

Ependymal Cells (CNS)

Answer 18

Produces Cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 19

Microglial cells (CNS)

Answer 19

Phagocytic activity: remove debris.

Question 20

Oligodendrocytes Cells (CNS)

Answer 20

Form myelin sheaths (protective covering) in axons.

Question 21

Satellite Cells (PNS)

Answer 21

Regulare nutrients and waste exchange.

Question 22

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells)

Answer 22

Surrounds axons: provides insulation, protection, and nourishment.

Question 23

Neurons

Answer 23

Capable of transmitting electrical impulses.

Question 24

Fibers

Answer 24

Bundles of axons in PNS

Question 25

What is myelination? Why is it important?

Answer 25

Process by which part of an axon is wrapped with myelin sheath. This is important, because it insulates, protects, and nourishes.

Question 26

Synapses

Answer 26

Specialized junctions where axons contact other neurons, muscle cells or glands.

Question 27

Electrical Synapse

Answer 27

Both membrane of pre and postsynaptic neuron bound together, closer than in a chemical synapse, bidirectional, fast, which secures flow of ions.

Question 28

Chemical Synapses

Answer 28

More common, signaling molecule (neurotransmitter), unidirectional.

Question 29

What are factors that influence rate of conduction?

Answer 29

Axon diameter, presence or absence of myelin.

Question 30

Monosynaptic Reflex

Answer 30

A reflex involving only two neurons

Question 31

Polysynaptic Reflex

Answer 31

one or more interneurons are part of the reflex pathway between the sensory and motor neurons.