Bones and Skeletal tissue

Question 1

What are bones?

Answer 1

? Bones provide support and shape to the body, attachment site for muscles, and a storage depot for essential minerals.

Question 2

Are bones considered organs? Why?

Answer 2

Bones are considered organs because they contains several different tissues.

Question 3

Sutures

Answer 3

Extra bones within sutures of skull markers for diseases and bones that develop from tendons.

Question 4

What makes up the skeletal system?

Answer 4

206 bones

Question 5

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 5

Support, Movement, Protection, Mineral storage, Blood cell formation and energy storage, and energy metabolism

Question 6

What are the types of cartilage?

Answer 6

Hyaline, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Question 7

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 7

it makes up the articular cartilage that covers the ends of adjoining bones in movable joints. It also forms the cartilaginous attachments of the ribs to the sternum, accounts for most of the cartilage found in the respiratory structures, and forms the embryonic skeleton.

Question 8

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 8

cartilage is found in the epiglottis, which bends down to cover the glottis (opening) of the larynx each time we swallow, is made elastic cartilage, as is the highly bendable cartilage in the outer ear.

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

is found are in the annulus fibrosus portion of the discs between the vertebrae and in the articular disc of some joints, for example the menisci of the knee.

Question 10

Ligaments

Answer 10

bone to bone; prevents movement

Question 11

Tendons

Answer 11

muscle to bone; promotes movement

Question 12

Osteoblast

Answer 12

cells that actively produce and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix: the ground substance and the collagen fibers.

Question 13

Osteoclast

Answer 13

multinucleated cells break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the mineral component of the matrix and lysosomal enzymes, which digest the organic compounds

Question 14

Osteocytes

Answer 14

function to keep the bone matrix healthy.

Question 15

Long bones

Answer 15

more common, levers, and are a part of the upper/lower extremities.

Question 16

Short bones

Answer 16

as long as wide, articulate and distribute forces, and are located in the carpals, tarsals, and sesamoid bones.

Question 17

Flat bones

Answer 17

The skull, ribs, and scapula, they have extensive surface for muscle attachment.

Question 18

Irregular bones

Answer 18

have complex shapes, and are located in the vertebrate, coxae, and some in the skull.

Question 19

Projections

Answer 19

are the attachment sites for muscles and ligaments

Question 20

Articulations

Answer 20

are the surfaces that form joints

Question 21

Depression/cavities

Answer 21

function for the passage of vessels and nerves

Question 22

What is the function for red and yellow bone marrow?

Answer 22

The function for red marrow produces Red blood cells. Yellow bone marrow makes RBC in emergencies.

Question 23

Ossification

Answer 23

The process of bone-tissue formation

Question 24

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 24

develops some model of hyaline cartilage

Question 25

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 25

develops from mesenchyme, not from cartilage.

Question 26

Where do diametric and vertical growths occur?

Answer 26

Diametric growth occurs at the periosteum of diaphysis. Vertical growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate

Question 27

Periosteum

Answer 27

covers the entire outer surface of each bone except on the ends of the epiphyses, where articular cartilage occurs

Question 28

Endosteum

Answer 28

covers the internal bone surfaces by a thinner connective tissue membrane. Specifically covers the trabeculae of spongy bone; it also lines the central canals of osteons.

Question 29

Perichondrium

Answer 29

a layer of dense irregular connective tissue, which acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when the cartilage is subjected to pressure.

Question 30

Fontanels

Answer 30

soft spots in the skull

Question 31

Functions of the bones of the cranium

Answer 31

To form the protective shell for the brain and provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles.

Question 32

Function of facial bones

Answer 32

Form the framework of the face, form cavities for sense organs of sight, taste, and smell, provide openings for passages of air and food, hold the teeth in place, and anchor muscles of the face.

Question 33

What structure is formed by the palatine and the maxilla bones

Answer 33

Hard plate

Question 34

What is interesting about the hyoid bone?

Answer 34

This bone is the only bone in the skeleton that does not articulate directly with any other bone.

Question 35

x) What are paranasal sinuses? What are their functions?

Answer 35

The bones surrounding the nasal cavity—the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and both maxillary bones—contain hollow spaces internally. They are extensions of the nasal cavity, lined by the same mucous membrane, and help warm, moisten, and filter inhaled air.

Question 36

How many vertebrae do you have?

Answer 36

26

Question 37

What are the vertebral regions? How many vertebrae are in each region?

Answer 37

The regions are the cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), and sacral (5 fused), Coccyx (4 fused)

Question 38

What are primary and secondary curvatures?

Answer 38

? The primary curvature is when only the thoracic and sacral curvatures are well developed at birth. The secondary curvature is the cervical and lumbar curvatures, which are concave posteriorly and develop during the first 2 years of childhood.

Question 39

bb) What are the abnormal curvatures?

Answer 39

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of more than 10 degrees that occur most often in the thoracic region. Kyphosis or hunchback, is an exaggerated thoracic curvature that is most common in aged women. Lordosis or swayback is an accentuated lumbar curvature.