nervous system

Question 1

Central Nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord (protected by skull and spinal column)

Question 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

Cranial and Spinal nerves (somatic) and autonomic nervous system.

Question 3

cerebral hemisphere aka forebrain

Answer 3

Outer gray matter (neocortex) and inner white matter. Neocortex deals with memory and consciousness. Olfactory bulb (sense of smell) is also on the forebrain.

Question 4

mesencephalon aka midbrain

Answer 4

visual, auditory and also olfactory information. Controls hindbrain sensors.

Question 5

cerebellum and mudulla oblongata

Answer 5

hind brain, the cerebellum coordinates and regulates motor activities. Medulla Oblongata and Pons control breathing and are linked to emotional and behavioral responses.

Question 6

olafactory nerve

Answer 6

nerve 1, sensory only, aids in olfaction (smell)

Question 7

optic nerve

Answer 7

nerve 2, sensory only, aids in vision

Question 8

oculomotor nerve

Answer 8

nerve 3, sensory and motor, serves the muscles of the eye

Question 9

trochlear nerve

Answer 9

nerve 4, sensory and motor, serves the superior oblique eye muscles

Question 10

trigeminal nerve

Answer 10

nerve 5, sensory and motor, sensory from face and mouth, responsible for the action of mastication

Question 11

abducens nerve

Answer 11

nerve 6, motor and sensory, serves the lateral rectus eye muscle

Question 12

facial nerve

Answer 12

nerve 7, motor and sensory, serves the muscles of facial expression, lacrimal glands and salivary glands

Question 13

vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 13

nerve 8, sensory only, hearing and equilibrium

Question 14

glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 14

nerve 9, motor and sensory, serves the pharynx for swallowing, posterior 3rd of the tongue and parotid salivary gland

Question 15

vagus nerve

Answer 15

nerve 10, motor and sensory, sensation of visceral organs, and parasympathetic regulation of visceral organs

Question 16

accessory nerve

Answer 16

nerve 11, motor and sensory, serves muscles that move the head, neck and shoulder

Question 17

hypoglossal nerve

Answer 17

nerve 12, motor and sensory, serves muscles of the tongue

Question 18

spinal cord makeup

Answer 18

Made up of bundles of nerve fibers, carrying messages to and from the brain. Provides a link between the brain and PNS. Spinal cord also has white and gray matter, but white is on outside and gray on inside. Brain and spinal cord are encased in meninges and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which provides nutrients to CNS.

Question 19

start/end of spinal cord

Answer 19

No clear demarcation between medulla oblongata and spinal cord. It is referred to spinal cord as starting at the foramen magnum and ending at the sacrum

Question 20

nerve pathways cross

Answer 20

left hemisphere of brain controls movement on right hand side of body and vice versa.

Question 21

3 layers of meninges

Answer 21

Dura mater: outermost meninx, fibrous in consistency
Arachnoid: intermediate meninx (subarachnoid space contains CSF) Pia mater: thinnest meninx, closest to brain or spinal cord.

Question 22

somatic system

Answer 22

voluntary system, part of the PNS, sends sensory information via sensory nerves (afferent  going to brain) and receives motor information via motor nerves (efferent  coming from brain to muscles).

Question 23

autonomic system

Answer 23

controls body’s involuntary activities such as heart rate, gut movements, sweating, etc. Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Question 24

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

involved with fear/fight/flight responses (increase heart rate,
increase blood pressure, dry mouth, sweat, dilate pupils, dilate bronchioles, slows gut
movements, contracts anal and bladder sphincter).

Question 25

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

involuntary functions (digestive, basal heart rate, basal
respiratory rate, gland secretions, etc).

Question 26

spinal nerves

Answer 26

8 cervical, 18 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 5 sacral, 5 coccygeal