Nervous System Flashcards
Consists everything outside CNS. Carries info to CNS and instructions from CNS to effectors
Peripheral nervous system
Nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the integrating center
Central nervous system
Aka nerve cell. Conduct electrical impulses. Functional units of nervous system
Neurons
Aka glia. Cells in brain and spinal cord that support and protect neurons
Neuroglia
Aka Electrical impulses
Action potentials
Aka cell body. Part of neuron containing organelles
Soma
Aka nerve fibre. An extension of the neuron that carries signals away its cell body
Axon
Entention of neuron carrying signals towards its cell body
Dendrite
Bundle of axons in the PNS
Nerve
Bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS
Tract
A white, fatty material that insulates axons
Myelin
Site of communication between two neurons transmitting signals
Synapse
The chemical molecules during synapse
Neurotransmitters
Aka cerebrum. Right and left brains each containing 4 lobes
Cerebral hemisphere
Lobe controlling the conscious movements and thinking
Frontal lobe
Lobe controlling pain and touch analysis
Parietal lobe
Lobe controlling hearing and smell analysis
Temporal lobe
Lobe controlling visual analysis
Occipital lobe
Lost of brain function due to impaired cerebral blood supply
Stroke
Group of structures in brain associating with emotions and memory
Limbus system
Most anterior segment of vertebrae
Body
Attachments located between vertebrae body and transverse process
Pedicles
Two plates forming roof of spinal canal
Laminae
Formed by the junction of the laminae
Spinous process
Laterally projecting off both sides of verebrae
Transverse process
Defect in spinal column from non-fusion of lamina causing spinal cord tissue to protrude
Spina bifida
Type of nerve of the PNS carrying info to and from spinal cord (consists 31 pairs)
Spinal nerves
Nerve carry both incoming and outgoing signals from the CNS
Mixed nerve
Aka vertebrae column to house and protect spinal cord (consists of 24 columns)
Articulating vertebrae
Consists of 7 columns top of vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
Consists of 12 columns middle of vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Consists of 5 columns bottom of vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
A triangular bone at base of spinal column between hip bones
Sacrum
Aka tailbone
Coccyx
Links to CNS. 12 pairs of nerves connecting to the brain stem
Cranial nerves
Aka. Incoming sensory neurons. Nerve cells conduct impulses from the periphery of the body to the CNS
Afferent Nerves
Nerve cells conduct impulses from the periphery of the body to the CNS. Sensory division
Sensory neurons
Aka. Outgoing motor neurons. Nerve cells conduct impulses from the CNS to the effector
Efferent Neurons
Nerve cells conduct impulses from the CNS to the effector. Motor division
Motor neurons
Motor division of the PNS: motor neurons to skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Motor division of PNS: motor neurons to blood vessels, heart, smooth muscles, viscera, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Motor division of PNS: controls GI tract activity. Functions independently of ANS and CNS
Enteric nervous system
ANS division: “fight or flight” - increase heart rate
Sympathetic nervous system
ANS division: “resting and digesting” - decrease heart rate
Parasympathetic nervous system
A disease of the CNS. Inflammation of nervous tissue causing demyelination
Multiple Sclerosis
Aka scar tissue
Sclerosis
Study of causes or origins
Etiologies
Aka. Tinging sensation
Paresthesia
Lost of coordination of the muscles
Ataxia
Partial motor paralysis
Paresis
Extreme dizziness
Vertigo
Term for likely to change
Lability
Difficult in speech articulation from poor muscular control
Dysarthria
