Cardiovascular System : The Heart Flashcards
Middle muscular layer of heart
Myocardium
Inner layer of heart. Contains smooth endothelium
Endocardium
Prefix meaning muscle
Myo-
Lining of the heart
Endothelium
Receiving chamber of heart. (Superior)
Atria
Discharging chamber of heart. (Inferior)
Ventricles
Functions as a pacemaker. Initiate heart contractions
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Electrical impulses
Action potentials
Allows action potentials to pass from cell to cell, to contract in unison
Gap Junctions
A pacemaker, excluding the SA Node
Ectopic Pacemaker
Contractions of ventricles
Systole
Relaxation of ventricles
Diastole
A fast heart rate
Tachycardia
A slow heart rate
Bradycardia
Carries blood away from heart
Artery
Carries blood towards the heart
Vein
Pumps unoxygenated blood away from heart, then carries to lungs, then back to heart with oxygenated blood
Pulmonary circulation
Outer layer of heart. Contain connective tissue
Epicardium
Carries unoxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs then drain to the heart
Pulmonary veins
Large vein receiving unoxygenated blood coming into the right heart
Vena Cava
Oxygenated blood from lungs pumps to all cell bodies via systemic arteries
Systemic Circulation
Artery carrying blood to all other arteries excluding pulmonary artery
Aorta
Blood flow encircling the heart
Coronary circulation
Relaxation of ventricles
Diastole
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels
Baroreceptor
An artery of the neck, sensitive to stretching of the arterial wall resulting a change in blood pressure
Common carotid artery
Nervous system consisting the brain and spinal cord
CNS
Abnormal sounds from the heart valves
Heart Murmur
Plaque deposits on the inner lining of arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Severe pain in pectoris resulting from ischemia of heart muscle
Angina pectoris
Loss of local blood due to obstruction
Ischemia
Aka heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Tissue death from lack of oxygen
Infarction
Death of cell from lack of blood flow to tissue
Necrosis
Aka cardiac arrest. Sudden stop of blood circulation due to heart failure to pump blood
Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Cardiac rhythm disturbance. Most common: ventricular fibrillation
Arrhythmia
Whole body inflammation from an infection. May cause poor organ function or insufficient blood flow if severe
Sepsis
An emergency procedure to keep blood flowing to brain and other vital organs to restore a normal heart rhythm
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Position of body laid flat facing up
Supine position
Aka chest center
Sternum
Portable device to restore cardiac arrhythmias and tachycardia
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Twitching of individual muscle fibers
Fibrillation
Defibrillation is more successful within ________ of cardiac arrest
5 mins
