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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of ?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?

A

12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves

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3
Q

What are the spinal nerves and how many of each?

A 
8 cervical nerves
12 thoracic nerves
5 lumbar nerves
5 sacral nerves
1 coccygeal nerve
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4
Q

What are the components of Neuron?

A

Dendrites, cell, axon

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5
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

conduct electrical impulses toward cell body

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6
Q

What are cell bodies called outside of CNS?

A

ganglion

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7
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

conducts electrical impulses away from cell body

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8
Q

What is a synapse?

A

it is the gap between 2 nerves; where axon releases chemical neurotransmitters onto dendrites to convey a deep to dura mater impulse

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9
Q

What are the components of spinal nerve roots?

A

Posterior contain sensory fibers (associated w/ ganglion)

Anterior contain motor fibers

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10
Q

Spinal roots converge to form?

A

Spinal nerve

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11
Q

Spinal nerve branches into?

A

Posterior Primary Rami

Anterior Primary Rami

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12
Q

What type of fibers does Primary Rami contain?

A

Motor and Sensory Fibers

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13
Q

Where does Posterior Primary Rami distribute to?

A

intrinsic muscles, skin of back (including neck)

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14
Q

Where does Anterior Primary Rami distribute to?

A

remainder of anterolateral neck, remainder of trunk, and limbs

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15
Q

Where are somatic sensory fibers?

A

skin of posterior head, neck, trunk, and limbs

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16
Q

Where does somatic motor fibers innervate?

A

skeletal muscles inferior to head

17
Q

Where are autonomic sensory fibers?

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

18
Q

Are somatic motorneurons voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

19
Q

Are autonomic motorneurons voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

20
Q

What is the organization of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

it has motor and sensory components

preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron

21
Q

What is Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

Fight or Flight
preganglionic fibers are short
postganglionic fibers are long

22
Q

What is the Sympathetic Trunk?

A

part of Sympathetic Nervous System

allows nerves to reach more superior and inferior structures

23
Q

What is Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A 
Rest and Digest
preganglionic fibers are long 
postganglionic fibers are short
limited to structure in head, viscera (thoracic, ab, pelvic), genitals 
*no distribution to limbs or body wall
24
Q

Where does Sympathetic Nervous System leave CNS?

A

leave CNS at T1-L2 spinal cord

25
Q

Where does ParaSympathetic Nervous System leave CNS?

A

leave CNS in 4 cranial nerves and at S 2,3,4 spinal cord

26
Q

Where does the Spinal Cord extend from and to?

A

from skull to L2 vertebra

27
Q

Which vertebra are enlarged in the spinal cord?

A

cervical enlargement

lumbosacral enlargement

28
Q

Why are there enlargements in the spinal cord?

A

corresponds to large nerve supply for muscles

29
Q

What is the Conus Medularis?

A

it is the inferior end of the spinal cord that is tapered off like a cone shape

30
Q

What is the Cauda equina?

A

aka Horse’s Tails
consists of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots inferior to conus medularis
end at S2 vertebrae

31
Q

What are meninges?

A

connective tissues surrounding spinal cord

32
Q

What is the Dura mater?

A

fibrous outermost covering that protects spinal cord
extends from skull to S2 vertebra
“tough mother”

33
Q

Where is the epidural space?

A

between the dura and bone of vertebral canal

34
Q

What is the Arachnoid mater?

A

membrane with delicate strands extending to innermost layer and extends to S2
deep to dura mater

35
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

between arachnoid and innermost layer filled with cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

What is the Pia mater?

A

innermost layer closely applied to spinal cord

forms denticulate ligaments

37
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

ligaments of Pia mater that anchors spinal cord to dura mater

38
Q

Why use a lumbar puncture?

A

to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid sample

or for spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia

39
Q

Where would you give a lumbar puncture?

A

between L2 and S2

which is right under the iliac crest

Anatomy (6 decks)

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