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Human Anatomy and physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The Brain and the Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

A system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central Nervous System

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3
Q

Afferent Neurons/Sensory Division

A

Nerve cells that carry impulses toward the CNS

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4
Q

Efferent Neurons/Motor Division

A

Neurons that conduct impulses away from the CNS

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5
Q

Somatic Nervous System/Voluntary Nervous System

A

Allows us to voluntarily control our skeletal muscles

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System/Involuntary Nervous System

A

Regulates involuntary actions in the human body

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7
Q

Neuroglia

A

The nonneuronal tissue of the CNS that performs supportive and other functions A.K.A. glia

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8
Q

Asrocytes

A

Abundant Star-Shaped cells that anchor neurons to nearby blood capillaries

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9
Q

Microglia

A

Dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria

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10
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the cavities in which they lie

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11
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Wrap themselves around nerve fibers creating myelin sheaths in the CNS

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12
Q

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

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13
Q

Neuron

A

Highly specialized cells that transmit and receive electrical impulses

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching extensions of neurons that carry the electrical impulses to the cell body

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15
Q

Axon

A

Neuron process that carries the electrical impulses away from the cell body

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16
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical released by the neurons that may stimulate the nerve cells

17
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between the myelin sheaths created by the schwann cells

18
Q

Ganglia

A

Small collections of cell bodies in the PNS & CNS

19
Q

Tracts

A

Small collections of cell bodies in the CNS

20
Q

Nerves

A

Small collections of cell bodies in the PNS

21
Q

Association Neurons/Interneurons

A

Connect the motor and sensory neurons located in the CNS

22
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Neurons that have several different processes

23
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

Neurons that have two processes the axon and the dendrite

24
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

Neurons that only have one process

25
Q

Polarized

A

Resting stage of the nerve impulse

26
Q

Depolarization

A

Inward rush of Sodium ions changes the polarity of the cell to be positive

27
Q

Repolarization

A

Inward rush of Potassium ions changes the polarity of the cell to be neutral

28
Q

Reflexes

A

Rapid, predictable, automatic responses to a stimuli

29
Q

Somatic reflexes

A

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

30
Q

Autonomic reflexes

A

Reflexes that regulate smooth muscles

Human Anatomy and physiology (4 decks)

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