Nervous system 3.0

Question 1

What is the cause of Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?

Answer 1

Short eyeball
Fat/inflexible lens
Age

Question 2

What is the correction lens for Hyperopia?

Answer 2

Convex lens

Question 3

Cause of Myopia?

Answer 3

Long eyeball
Spherical lens

Question 4

What is the correction lens for Myopia?

Answer 4

Concave lens

Question 5

What is the cause of Astigmatism?

Answer 5

Defects in curves of lens or cornea

Question 6

What is the correction lens for astigmatism?

Answer 6

Specially shaped lenses

Question 7

Causes of Colourblindness?

Answer 7

Recessive x linked gene
Lack specific pigment that absorbs (blue, green, or red)

Question 8

What is accommodation?

Answer 8

Lens changing shape to focus

Question 9

What happens when you focus far away?

Answer 9

Ciliary muscles relax
Lens get thin and flat

Question 10

What happens when you focus close?

Answer 10

Ciliary muscles contract
Lens get fat and round

Question 11

Photoreceptors in Retina

Answer 11

Rods and cones

Question 12

Where are all the sensory neurons?

Answer 12

In Retina

Question 13

What does the Sclera do?

Answer 13

Protects inner part of eye
Keeps shape
Functions as dura mater

Question 14

What does the choroid do?

Answer 14

Provides nutrients and oxygen
Regulate pressure
Acts like blood brain barrier

Question 15

Types of sensory neurons?

Answer 15

Ganglion, bipolar, photoreceptors (rods and cones), pigment

Question 16

What are rods made of?

Answer 16

Rhodopsin (pigment) and Opsin
- rhodopsin = vitamin A derivative (retinene)

Question 17

What do rods release?

Answer 17

Inhibitory neurotransmitter (glutamate), stops bipolar cells from sending signals to optic

Question 18

What do cones contain?

Answer 18

Photopsin (pigment)
- similar to rhodopsin, less sensitive to light (needs more)

Question 19

What are the 3 colours that each cone is sensitive to?

Answer 19

Red, blue, green

Question 20

Where do nerve tracts cross?

Answer 20

Optic chiasm

Question 21

2 main functions of the ear?

Answer 21

1. Hearing
2. Equilibrium

Question 22

Where does hearing occur?

Answer 22

Cochlea

Question 23

What are the smallest parts of the ear called?

Answer 23

Ossicles (bones)

Question 24

3 ossicles

Answer 24

1. Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus (Anvil)
3. Stapes (stirrup)

Question 25

What is the oval window?

Answer 25

Thin membrane transmits vibrations from stapes to fluid of inner ear

Question 26

What happens to the round window when the oval window is pushed in?

Answer 26

Pushed out.

Question 27

T/F: Round window connects to Eustachian tube

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What does the Eustachian tube connect to?

Answer 28

Nose and Mouth

Question 29

What makes up the inner ear?

Answer 29

Cochlea, Vestibule, semi-circular canals

Question 30

Steps of sound.

Answer 30

Tympanic, middle ear, oval window, cochlea, fluid goes to round window (relieves pressure)

Question 31

What is the organ of corti?

Answer 31

Primary hearing part of Cochlea

Question 32

What makes up the inner chamber of the organ of corti?

Answer 32

- Tectorial membrane - Basilar membrane

Question 33

What does stereocilia do?

Answer 33

Convert sound and head movement into electrical signals for brain

Question 34

What does the endolymph (inner fluid in organ or corti) do?

Answer 34

Vibrates basilar membrane

Question 35

Why do stereocilia bend?

Answer 35

Press against tectorial membrane

Question 36

T/F: Hair cells trigger action potential in sensory neurons

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F: Amplitude of waves increase with volume

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T/F: louder noise = less pressure on stereocilia

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What vibrates basilar membrane?

Answer 39

High frequency

Question 40

What vibrates down the basilar membrane?

Answer 40

Low frequency

Question 41

What part of the inner ear monitors balance?

Answer 41

Vestibule + Semi-circular canals

Question 42

What is in the vestibule?

Answer 42

Utricle and saccule (up and down head movement)

Question 43

What is in the semi-circular canals?

Answer 43

3 loops, each with ampulla at diff angles (body rotation)

Question 44

What is static equilibrium?

Answer 44

Head position

Question 45

What are otiliths?

Answer 45

Calcium carbonate crystals (move with head)

Question 46

Where are impulses sent by the vestibular nerve?

Answer 46

Cerebellum

Question 47

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 47

Balance during movement (body)

Question 48

What is the ampulla?

Answer 48

Pocket at the base of semi circular canals

Question 49

What is Cupula?

Answer 49

Jelly sac with cilia inside ampulla

Question 50

What does the chemoreceptor do?

Answer 50

Taste buds

Question 51

What does the mechanoreceptor have in structure?

Answer 51

Stereocilia

Question 52

What does the proprioceptor detect?

Answer 52

Change in head position

Question 53

What does the nociceptor detect?

Answer 53

Pain

Question 54

What does osmoreceptor detect?

Answer 54

Low blood volume

Question 55

What ANS nerve is responsible for signalling the muscles?

Answer 55

Vagus nerve

Question 56

What receptor initiates signals to medulla?

Answer 56

Chemoreceptors (brain and carotid artery)

Question 57

Where are impulses sent in static equilibrium?

Answer 57

Cerebellum