Genetics Flashcards
What is the law of segregation?
All individuals have 2 alleles which split randomly. (1 allele per gamete)
What is the law of independent assortment?
2 alleles for 1 gene separate from other gene alleles. (Random sorting of chromosomes)
Define Continuous variation
Genetic and environment affect
Define Discreet variation
Determined only by genetics.
Define phenotypic plasticity
Genes turn on/off, expressing different phenotypes.
True/False: SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) causes new alleles
True
What is SNP?
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Change in 1 nucleotide (ACGT)
What is Mendel’s second law?
2 alleles for 1 gene separate independently from other alleles.
What are 3 non-Mendelian inheritance?
Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles
Define epistasis
New genotypes masks one of the genes.
Define pleiotropy
When 1 gene affects many different traits.
Define Barr bodies
Inactivated allele condensed tightly.
define polygenic inheritance
Continuous traits controlled by more than 1 gene.
Define gene pool
Sum of all alleles for all genes in a population.
Define gene flow
Net movement of alleles from one population to another (migration).
Define genetic drift
Change in allele frequencies due to Random events in small populations.
Define bottleneck effect
Gene pool changes when a population quickly reduces in size (endangered).
Define founder effect
- New populations from a few individuals.
- Frequencies will be different than original population (limited gene pool).
Who found the concept of linked genes?
Walter Sutton
Who found out that you could predict the # of recombinants?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
What does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle allow us to do?
Study alleles for 1 trait over time and predict frequencies of genotypes.
What requirements are needed to have allele frequencies remain the same?
- Random mating
- No mutations
- No migration
- No natural selection
